deyja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse deyja, from Proto-Germanic *dawjaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈteiːja/

  Rhymes: -eiːja

  Homophone: deigja

Verb

deyja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative dó, third-person plural past indicative dóu, supine dáið)

1. (intransitive) to die

   Synonyms: andast, sálast, fá bana, látast, (archaic) deyja burt, sofna svefninum langa, sofna hinsta svefni

   Hún dó úr krabbameini. ― She died of cancer.

   Hundruð manna dóu úr hor. ― Hundreds died of hunger.

   Við munum öll deyja! ― We are all going to die!

   Að deyja úr kulda. ― To die from exposure.

2. (intransitive) to pass out from drinking
3. (intransitive, of fire) to go out

   Synonym: slokkna

4. (intransitive, nautical, of the ocean) to calm down, to subside

   Synonyms: stillast, lygna

5. (intransitive, of grass) to wither

   Synonyms: falla, sölna

Conjugation

deyja – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að deyja
supine sagnbót		dáið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		deyjandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	dey	dó		deyi	dæi
	þú	deyrð	dóst		deyir	dæir
	hann, hún, það	deyr	dó		deyi	dæi
plural	við	deyjum	dóum		deyjum	dæjum
	þið	deyið	dóuð		deyið	dæjuð
	þeir, þær, þau	deyja	dóu		deyi	dæju
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	dey (þú), deyðu
plural	þið	deyið (þið), deyiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

deyjast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að deyjast
supine sagnbót		dáist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		deyjandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	deyst	dóst		deyist	dæist
	þú	deyst	dóst		deyist	dæist
	hann, hún, það	deyst	dóst		deyist	dæist
plural	við	deyjumst	dóumst		deyjumst	dæjumst
	þið	deyist	dóust		deyist	dæjust
	þeir, þær, þau	deyjast	dóust		deyist	dæjust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	deyst (þú), deystu
plural	þið	deyist (þið), deyisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

dáinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	dáinn	dáin	dáið	dánir	dánar	dáin
accusative (þolfall)	dáinn	dána	dáið	dána	dánar	dáin
dative (þágufall)	dánum	dáinni	dánu	dánum	dánum	dánum
genitive (eignarfall)	dáins	dáinnar	dáins	dáinna	dáinna	dáinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	dáni	dána	dána	dánu	dánu	dánu
accusative (þolfall)	dána	dánu	dána	dánu	dánu	dánu
dative (þágufall)	dána	dánu	dána	dánu	dánu	dánu
genitive (eignarfall)	dána	dánu	dána	dánu	dánu	dánu

Derived terms

• deyja af, deyja niður, deyja út (“to calm down”) (of weather or sea)
• deyja burt (“to die”) (archaic)
• deyja drottni sínum
• deyja ekki ráðalaus (“to not to give up easily”)
• deyja fyrir hendi einhver (“to die at the hands of someone”)
• deyja niður (“to die in heaps”)
• deyja úr hor, deyja úr hungri (“to starve to death”)
• deyja út (“to become extinct, die out”)
• deyja út af (“to die a natural death”), confer lognast út af
• deyja úti (“not make it to the barn, left out in times of autumn”) (of hay)

Related terms

• dauði
• dauður
• dá

See also

• kemba ekki hærurnar
• krókna
• ofdrykkja
• vera bráðkvaddur
• verða úti

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dawjaną, whence also English die, Old High German touwen.

Verb

deyja (singular past indicative dó, plural past indicative dó, past participle dáinn)

1. to die
   • 800s, Hávamál, verse 76

     Deyr fé, / deyja frændr,
     deyr sjalfr it sama,
     en orðstírr / deyr aldregi,
     hveim er sér góðan getr.

     Cattle die, / kinsmen die;
     the self dies the same.
     But a word-glory / never dies
     for him, who a good one gets.

Conjugation

Conjugation of deyja — active (strong class 6)

infinitive	deyja
present participle	deyjandi
past participle	dáinn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	dey	dó		deyja	dǿa
2nd person singular	deyr	dótt		deyir	dǿir
3rd person singular	deyr	dó		deyi	dǿi
1st person plural	deyjum	dóm		deyim	dǿim
2nd person plural	deyið	dóð		deyið	dǿið
3rd person plural	deyja	dó		deyi	dǿi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	dey
1st person plural	deyjum
2nd person plural	deyið

Conjugation of deyja — mediopassive (strong class 6)

infinitive	deyjask
present participle	deyjandisk
past participle	dáizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	deyjumk	dómk		deyjumk	dǿumk
2nd person singular	deysk	dózk		deyisk	dǿisk
3rd person singular	deysk	dósk		deyisk	dǿisk
1st person plural	deyjumsk	dómsk		deyimsk	dǿimsk
2nd person plural	deyizk	dózk		deyizk	dǿizk
3rd person plural	deyjask	dósk		deyisk	dǿisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	deysk
1st person plural	deyjumsk
2nd person plural	deyizk

Derived terms

• strádeyja (“to die a straw death”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: deyja
• Faroese: doyggja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: døy, døya
• Dalecarlian:
  • Mora: däja
  • Elfdalian: däia, däa
• Old Swedish: dø̄ia
  • Swedish: dö
• Old Danish: dø̄
  • Scanian: dǿja
  • Danish: dø
    • Norwegian Bokmål: dø
• Old Gutnish: doyia
  • Gutnish: dåie, dåi, doä
• → Middle English: deyen, daye, deie, deȝe, dey, deye, die, dien, dye, dyen, dyȝe, deien, deiȝe, deiȝen (Early Middle English), deȝenn (Ormulum), dayȝe, deyȝe, dy (Late Middle English), deyin (Norfolk), de, dee, deghe, dei, dieghe (especially Northern)
  • English: die, dye (obsolete)
    • → Vietnamese: đai

    Geordie: dee

  • Middle Scots: de, dee, die
    • Scots: dee, dey
  • Yola: dee

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “deyja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive