estyn

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh estynn, from Proto-Brythonic *estɨnn (compare Cornish ystyn and Middle Breton astenn), from Latin extendō (“to extend, to stretch, to enlarge”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɛsdɨ̞n/, [ˈɛstɨ̞n]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɛsdɪn/, [ˈɛstɪn]
• Rhymes: -ɛsdɨ̞n

Verb

estyn (first-person singular present estynnaf)

1. (ambitransitive) to extend, to stretch, to lengthen (also figurative)

   Maen nhw'n meddwl estyn y tŷ.

   They’re thinking of extending the house.

   Estynnir gwahoddiad i bawb.

   An invitation is extended to all.

2. (transitive) to pass (to transfer from one person or place to another)

   Synonym: pasio

   Wnei di estyn yr halen?

   Can you pass the salt?

3. (geography) (of an ice sheet) to advance
4. (geometry) to produce
5. (music) to augment

Conjugation

Conjugation of estyn (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	estynnaf	estynni	estyn, estynna	estynnwn	estynnwch	estynnant	estynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	estynnwn	estynnit	estynnai	estynnem	estynnech	estynnent	estynnid
preterite	estynnais	estynnaist	estynnodd	estynasom	estynasoch	estynasant	estynnwyd
pluperfect	estynaswn	estynasit	estynasai	estynasem	estynasech	estynasent	estynasid, estynesid
present subjunctive	estynnwyf	estynnych	estynno	estynnom	estynnoch	estynnont	estynner
imperative	—	estyn, estynna	estynned	estynnwn	estynnwch	estynnent	estynner
verbal noun	estyn
verbal adjectives	estynedig estynadwy

Conjugation of estyn (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	estynna i, estynnaf i	estynni di	estynnith o/e/hi, estynniff e/hi	estynnwn ni	estynnwch chi	estynnan nhw
conditional	estynnwn i, estynswn i	estynnet ti, estynset ti	estynnai fo/fe/hi, estynsai fo/fe/hi	estynnen ni, estynsen ni	estynnech chi, estynsech chi	estynnen nhw, estynsen nhw
preterite	estynnais i, estynnes i	estynnaist ti, estynnest ti	estynnodd o/e/hi	estynnon ni	estynnoch chi	estynnon nhw
imperative	—	estynna	—	—	estynnwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• cyhyryn estyn (“extensor”)
• Estyn (“Estyn”)
• estyn allan (“to reach out, outreach”)
• estyn croeso (“to extend a welcome”)
• estyn gwahoddiad (“to extend an invitation”)
• estynadwy (“extensible”)
• estynedig (“extended”)
• estyniad (“extension”)
• estynnwr (“stretcher”)
• estynnydd (“stretcher, extender”)
• estynwlad (“panhandle”)
• llinell estyn (“ledger line”)
• ymestyn (“to extend, to stretch”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of estyn

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
estyn	unchanged	unchanged	hestyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “estynnaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies