fofera

Old Irish

Etymology

From fo- +‎ feraid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸoˈɸʲera]

Verb

fo·fera (prototonic ·furea, verbal noun fuar)

1. to prepare, to provide
2. to cause, to produce, bring about

   Synonyms: ar·áili, do·áirci, im·folngai

For quotations using this term, see Citations:fofera.

Usage notes

Relative forms of this verb often takes the infixed direct object pronoun d- (“it”) in an anticipatory function when the direct object is explicit, for example:

is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erigim ― that is what causes the complaint (literally, “that is what causes it the complaint”)

Note that d- in the above example does not actually agree with erigem (“complaint”), as the pronoun is masculine or neuter but the noun is feminine.

Inflection

Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.	fu·firim	fo·ferai	fo·fera; fod·era, fudd·era, fot·era (with infixed pronoun d-)	fa·eram (with infixed pronoun a-)			fo·ferthar
	Prot.						·foíret
Imperfect indicative	Deut.
	Prot.
Preterite	Deut.
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.			fo·ruar				fo·roired
	Prot.							·foruireth
Future	Deut.			fo·irfea				fom·firfider (with infixed pronoun m-)
	Prot.
Conditional	Deut.
	Prot.
Present subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.			·furea
Past subjunctive	Deut.			fu·erad
	Prot.	·foírin		·foíred
Imperative				foíred
Verbal noun		fuar
Past participle		foiride
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Irish: faoi deara (from infixed fod·era, rebracketed as fo dera)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
fo·fera	fo·ḟera	fo·fera pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fofera”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 518