frumentum

Latin

Etymology

From Old Latin *frūgmentom, equivalent to fruor (“to use, enjoy”) +‎ -mentum (instrumental suffix). Compare frūmen.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [fruːˈmɛn.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [fruˈmɛn.tum]

Noun

frūmentum n (genitive frūmentī); second declension

1. grain

   Synonym: annōna

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 29.4:

     Mūnīre urbem, frūmentum convehere, tela arma parāre.

     To strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of grain, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	frūmentum	frūmenta
genitive	frūmentī	frūmentōrum
dative	frūmentō	frūmentīs
accusative	frūmentum	frūmenta
ablative	frūmentō	frūmentīs
vocative	frūmentum	frūmenta

Derived terms

• frūmentāceus
• frūmentālis
• frūmentārius
• frūmentātiō
• frūmentātor
• frūmentor

Related terms

• frūctus
• frūmen
• frūx

Descendants

• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Dalmatian: furmiant
  • Italian: frumento, fromento, formento
    • → Ido: frumento
    • → Interlingua: frumento
  • Sicilian: frummentu
  • Venetan: formento, ⇒ formenton
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: forment
  • Romansh: frument
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: furmänt
  • Lombard: forment, ⇒ formenton
  • Piedmontese: forment, ⇒ formenton
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: forment
  • Franco-Provençal: froment
  • Old French: froment, ferment, formant, forment, fronment, furment
    • Middle French: froment, forment, fourment
      • French: froment
      • → Hungarian: furmint
      • →? Middle English: furment, firment, frument
    • ⇒ Old French: fourmenté
      • Middle French: fromenté
        • → Hungarian: furmint
        • → Middle English: furmente
          • English: frumenty

References

• “frumentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “frumentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "frumentum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “frumentum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the corn is not yet ripe: frumenta in agris matura non sunt (B. G. 1. 16. 2)
    
  • to provide corn-supplies for the troops: frumentum providere exercitui
    
  • to procure a very large supply of corn: frumenti vim maximam comparare