gnosco

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gnōskō, itself from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈnoːs.koː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɲɔs.ko]

Verb

gnōscō (present infinitive gnōscere, perfect active gnōvī, supine gnōtum); third conjugation

1. alternative form of nōscō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of gnōscō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	gnōscō		gnōscis		gnōscit		gnōscimus		gnōscitis		gnōscunt
	imperfect	gnōscēbam		gnōscēbās		gnōscēbat		gnōscēbāmus		gnōscēbātis		gnōscēbant
	future	gnōscam		gnōscēs		gnōscet		gnōscēmus		gnōscētis		gnōscent
	perfect	gnōvī		gnōvistī, gnōstī1		gnōvit, gnōt1		gnōvimus, gnōmus1		gnōvistis, gnōstis1		gnōvērunt, gnōrunt, gnōvēre1
	pluperfect	gnōveram, gnōram1		gnōverās, gnōrās1		gnōverat, gnōrat1		gnōverāmus, gnōrāmus1		gnōverātis, gnōrātis1		gnōverant, gnōrant1
	future perfect	gnōverō, gnōrō1		gnōveris, gnōris1		gnōverit, gnōrit1		gnōverimus, gnōrimus1		gnōveritis, gnōritis1		gnōverint, gnōrint1
passive	present	gnōscor		gnōsceris, gnōscere		gnōscitur		gnōscimur		gnōsciminī		gnōscuntur
	imperfect	gnōscēbar		gnōscēbāris, gnōscēbāre		gnōscēbātur		gnōscēbāmur		gnōscēbāminī		gnōscēbantur
	future	gnōscar		gnōscēris, gnōscēre		gnōscētur		gnōscēmur		gnōscēminī		gnōscentur
	perfect	gnōtus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	gnōtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	gnōtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	gnōscam		gnōscās		gnōscat		gnōscāmus		gnōscātis		gnōscant
	imperfect	gnōscerem		gnōscerēs		gnōsceret		gnōscerēmus		gnōscerētis		gnōscerent
	perfect	gnōverim, gnōrim1		gnōverīs, gnōrīs1		gnōverit, gnōrit1		gnōverīmus, gnōrīmus1		gnōverītis, gnōrītis1		gnōverint, gnōrint1
	pluperfect	gnōvissem, gnōssem1		gnōvissēs, gnōssēs1		gnōvisset, gnōsset1		gnōvissēmus, gnōssēmus1		gnōvissētis, gnōssētis1		gnōvissent, gnōssent1
passive	present	gnōscar		gnōscāris, gnōscāre		gnōscātur		gnōscāmur		gnōscāminī		gnōscantur
	imperfect	gnōscerer		gnōscerēris, gnōscerēre		gnōscerētur		gnōscerēmur		gnōscerēminī		gnōscerentur
	perfect	gnōtus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	gnōtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		gnōsce		—		—		gnōscite		—
	future	—		gnōscitō		gnōscitō		—		gnōscitōte		gnōscuntō
passive	present	—		gnōscere		—		—		gnōsciminī		—
	future	—		gnōscitor		gnōscitor		—		—		gnōscuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		gnōscere			gnōscī			gnōscēns			—
future		gnōtūrum esse			gnōtum īrī			gnōtūrus			gnōscendus, gnōscundus
perfect		gnōvisse, gnōsse1			gnōtum esse			—			gnōtus
future perfect		—			gnōtum fore			—			—
perfect potential		gnōtūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		gnōscendī		gnōscendō		gnōscendum		gnōscendō		gnōtum		gnōtū

¹The verb "nōscō" and its compounds frequently drop the syllables "vi" and "ve" from their perfect, pluperfect and future perfect conjugations.

References

• “gnosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "gnosco", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “gnosco”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.