harus

Finnish

Etymology

Unknown. Originally only found in southwestern dialects (on islands in the Archipelago Sea). Akin to dialectal Estonian harus (found in dialects spoken on islands in the West Estonian archipelago). Possibly a borrowing in either direction or from a common third source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑrus/, [ˈhɑ̝rus̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑrus
• Syllabification^(key): ha‧rus
• Hyphenation^(key): ha‧rus

Noun

harus

1. stay, guy, guyline (rope or wire supporting a structural element)
2. (nautical) stay (wire or rope that supports the mast of a vessel lengthwise)

   Synonym: staagi

3. (nautical) guy, guyline (support to secure or steady something prone to shift its position or be carried away)

Usage notes

Dialectal distribution of harus (“guyline”)
Northern Southwest Finland (Pohjoinen Varsinais-Suomi) [Southwestern dialects] Kustavi, Rymättylä
The classification of and data for regional dialects is based on pre-1950s data. Since the 1950s, the dialects have become increasingly mixed, levelled and influenced by Standard Finnish. Besides Standard Finnish, a relatively uniform and originally urban 'colloquial Finnish' is beginning to emerge in their place, especially in the cities. Source: Suomen murteiden sanakirja by Kotimaisten kielten keskus (CC BY 4.0); see the information for the background image for its sources and licensing

Declension

Inflection of harus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		harus	harukset
genitive		haruksen	harusten haruksien
partitive		harusta	haruksia
illative		harukseen	haruksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		harus	harukset
accusative	nom.	harus	harukset
	gen.	haruksen
genitive		haruksen	harusten haruksien
partitive		harusta	haruksia
inessive		haruksessa	haruksissa
elative		haruksesta	haruksista
illative		harukseen	haruksiin
adessive		haruksella	haruksilla
ablative		harukselta	haruksilta
allative		harukselle	haruksille
essive		haruksena	haruksina
translative		harukseksi	haruksiksi
abessive		haruksetta	haruksitta
instructive		—	haruksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of harus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative harukseni harukseni accusative nom. harukseni harukseni gen. harukseni genitive harukseni harusteni haruksieni partitive harustani haruksiani inessive haruksessani haruksissani elative haruksestani haruksistani illative harukseeni haruksiini adessive haruksellani haruksillani ablative harukseltani haruksiltani allative harukselleni haruksilleni essive haruksenani haruksinani translative haruksekseni haruksikseni abessive haruksettani haruksittani instructive — — comitative — haruksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative haruksesi haruksesi accusative nom. haruksesi haruksesi gen. haruksesi genitive haruksesi harustesi haruksiesi partitive harustasi haruksiasi inessive haruksessasi haruksissasi elative haruksestasi haruksistasi illative harukseesi haruksiisi adessive haruksellasi haruksillasi ablative harukseltasi haruksiltasi allative haruksellesi haruksillesi essive haruksenasi haruksinasi translative harukseksesi haruksiksesi abessive haruksettasi haruksittasi instructive — — comitative — haruksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative haruksemme haruksemme accusative nom. haruksemme haruksemme gen. haruksemme genitive haruksemme harustemme haruksiemme partitive harustamme haruksiamme inessive haruksessamme haruksissamme elative haruksestamme haruksistamme illative harukseemme haruksiimme adessive haruksellamme haruksillamme ablative harukseltamme haruksiltamme allative haruksellemme haruksillemme essive haruksenamme haruksinamme translative harukseksemme haruksiksemme abessive haruksettamme haruksittamme instructive — — comitative — haruksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative haruksenne haruksenne accusative nom. haruksenne haruksenne gen. haruksenne genitive haruksenne harustenne haruksienne partitive harustanne haruksianne inessive haruksessanne haruksissanne elative haruksestanne haruksistanne illative harukseenne haruksiinne adessive haruksellanne haruksillanne ablative harukseltanne haruksiltanne allative haruksellenne haruksillenne essive haruksenanne haruksinanne translative harukseksenne haruksiksenne abessive haruksettanne haruksittanne instructive — — comitative — haruksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative haruksensa haruksensa accusative nom. haruksensa haruksensa gen. haruksensa genitive haruksensa harustensa haruksiensa partitive harustaan harustansa haruksiaan haruksiansa inessive haruksessaan haruksessansa haruksissaan haruksissansa elative haruksestaan haruksestansa haruksistaan haruksistansa illative harukseensa haruksiinsa adessive haruksellaan haruksellansa haruksillaan haruksillansa ablative harukseltaan harukseltansa haruksiltaan haruksiltansa allative harukselleen haruksellensa haruksilleen haruksillensa essive haruksenaan haruksenansa haruksinaan haruksinansa translative haruksekseen harukseksensa haruksikseen haruksiksensa abessive haruksettaan haruksettansa haruksittaan haruksittansa instructive — — comitative — haruksineen haruksinensa

Derived terms

• harustaa
• harustus

compounds

• haruskeulapurje
• harusköysi
• haruspurje
• harusvaijeri
• keulaharus
• peräharus
• vesiharus
• väliharus

Further reading

• “harus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• harsu

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• haroes (1901–1947)

Etymology

From Malay harus.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈharus/ [ˈha.rʊs]
• Rhymes: -arus
• Syllabification: ha‧rus

Adverb

harus

1. have to, must, should (indicates obligation)

Derived terms

• diharuskan
• keharusan
• mengharuskan
• seharusnya

Adjective

harus

1. (obsolete) permissible

   Synonyms: jaiz, mubah

Further reading

• “harus”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -us

Adverb

harus (Jawi spelling هاروس)

1. have to, must, should

Synonyms

• mesti

Descendants

• > Indonesian: harus (inherited)

Further reading

• "harus" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Old Javanese

Noun

harus

1. alternative spelling of arus (“water current, tidal current, breaker”)