hoodlum

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhuːdləm/, /ˈhʊdləm/
• Hyphenation: hood‧lum

Etymology

The earliest reference to the word hoodlum is in the December 15, 1866 Daily Alta California.

Attested since 1871. Many sources have been proposed, but none are certain. The Online Etymology Dictionary suggests that it may derive from Bavarian Haderlump (“ragamuffin”).

According to Herbert Asbury's book The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld (1933, A. A. Knopf, New York), the word originated in San Francisco from a particular street gang's call to unemployed Irishmen to "huddle 'em" (to beat up Chinese migrants), after which San Francisco newspapers took to calling street gangs "hoodlums".

Noun

hoodlum (plural hoodlums)

1. a gangster; a hired thug
2. a rough or violent youth

Synonyms

• See also Wikisaurus:criminal
• See also Wikisaurus:troublemaker

Translations

a gangster; a hired thug

• Afrikaans: rampokker
• Finnish: gangsteri (fi)
• French: bandit (fr) m
• German: Schläger (de) m, Ganove (de) m, Gangster (de) m, Bandit (de) m

• Khmer: យូកូង (yuu kooŋ)
• Russian: банди́т (ru) m (bandít), го́пник (ru) m (gópnik)
• Sotho: tsotsi
• Spanish: matón m, bandido m, pandillero (es) m

a rough or violent youth

• Cebuano: bugoy
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 阿飛 (zh), 阿飞 (zh) (āfēi), 流氓 (zh) (liúmáng), 歹徒 (zh) (dǎitú)

• Finnish: hulttio (fi)
• French: voyou (fr) m
• German: Ganove (de) m, Halbstarker (de) m

• Hindi: गुंडा (hi) m (guṇḍā)
• Japanese: チンピラ (chinpira), 与太者 (よたもの, yotamono)
• Portuguese: marginal (pt) m, f
• Russian: хулига́н (ru) m (xuligán), буя́н (ru) m (buján)
• Spanish: matón m

Further reading

• “Frederick Bee History Project”, in (Please provide the title of the work)^[1], accessed October 4, 2014