horridus

Latin

Etymology

From horreō (“to stand on end, shiver”) +‎ -idus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈhɔr.rɪ.dʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɔr.ri.dus]

Adjective

horridus (feminine horrida, neuter horridum, comparative horridior); first/second-declension adjective

1. rough, bristly, shaggy
   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 13.9:

     Pōmum ipsum grande, dūrum, horridum et ā cēterīs generibus distāns sapōre quōdam ferīnae in aprīs

     The fruit [of the syagrus tree] itself is large, hard, rough, and different in taste from every other kind, with a certain something of the meat in wild boars.

2. rude, rough, uncouth, unpolished, untrimmed
3. awful, dreadful, horrible, horrid, frightful, fearful, terrible
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.376–378:

     “[...] Nunc augur Apollō, / nunc Lyciae sortēs, nunc et Iove missus ab ipsō / interpres dīvom fert horrida iussa per aurās.”

     “Now prophetic Apollo, now the oracles of Lycia, and now – sent from Jupiter himself! – the divine interpreter [Mercury] brings grim orders through the air.”

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	horridus	horrida	horridum		horridī	horridae	horrida
genitive	horridī	horridae	horridī		horridōrum	horridārum	horridōrum
dative	horridō	horridae	horridō		horridīs
accusative	horridum	horridam	horridum		horridōs	horridās	horrida
ablative	horridō	horridā	horridō		horridīs
vocative	horride	horrida	horridum		horridī	horridae	horrida

Derived terms

• horridulus

Related terms

• horrendē
• horrendus
• horrentia
• horreō
• horribilis
• horribiliter
• horricomis
• horror

Descendants

• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: ort, ord
    • Anglo-Norman: ort, ord
      • Norman: orde, yorde
    • Walloon: yôrd
    • ⇒ Old French: ordier
      • Anglo-Norman: ordier, order
        • Norman: hourder
    • ⇒ Old French: ordir
      • Anglo-Norman: ordir
        • Norman: ordir, yordir
    • ⇒ Old French: ordure
      • Anglo-Norman: ordure
        • Norman: ordeure
        • → Middle English: ordur, ordure
          • English: ordure
      • Middle French: ordure
        • French: ordure
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Catalan: hòrreu, ⇒ horresa
  • Old Occitan: orre, ⇒ orrezeza
• Ibero-Romance:
  • ⇒ Old Spanish: horrura, orrura
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: ordo
• Balkano-Romance:
  • >? Romanian: urdoare
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: hòrrid
  • → English: horrid
  • → Italian: orrido
  • → Portuguese: hórrido
  • → Spanish: hórrido

References

• “horridus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “horridus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “horridus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • well-ordered, well-brushed hair: capilli compti, compositi (opp. horridi)