iskostua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]iskostua (intransitive)
- to get/be instilled (to become part of someone's nature)
- Itsekuri iskostui häneen jo varhaisella iällä.
- Self-discipline was instilled on him already at an early age.
- Itsekuri iskostui häneen jo varhaisella iällä.
- to stick hard on; especially of something undesirable
- Maantiesuola iskostuu auton tuulilasiin.
- Road salt sticks hard on the windscreens of cars.
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of iskostua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | iskostun | en iskostu | 1st sing. | olen iskostunut | en ole iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | iskostut | et iskostu | 2nd sing. | olet iskostunut | et ole iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | iskostuu | ei iskostu | 3rd sing. | on iskostunut | ei ole iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | iskostumme | emme iskostu | 1st plur. | olemme iskostuneet | emme ole iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | iskostutte | ette iskostu | 2nd plur. | olette iskostuneet | ette ole iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | iskostuvat | eivät iskostu | 3rd plur. | ovat iskostuneet | eivät ole iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | iskostutaan | ei iskostuta | passive | on iskostuttu | ei ole iskostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | iskostuin | en iskostunut | 1st sing. | olin iskostunut | en ollut iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | iskostuit | et iskostunut | 2nd sing. | olit iskostunut | et ollut iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | iskostui | ei iskostunut | 3rd sing. | oli iskostunut | ei ollut iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | iskostuimme | emme iskostuneet | 1st plur. | olimme iskostuneet | emme olleet iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | iskostuitte | ette iskostuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte iskostuneet | ette olleet iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | iskostuivat | eivät iskostuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat iskostuneet | eivät olleet iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | iskostuttiin | ei iskostuttu | passive | oli iskostuttu | ei ollut iskostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | iskostuisin | en iskostuisi | 1st sing. | olisin iskostunut | en olisi iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | iskostuisit | et iskostuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit iskostunut | et olisi iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | iskostuisi | ei iskostuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi iskostunut | ei olisi iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | iskostuisimme | emme iskostuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme iskostuneet | emme olisi iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | iskostuisitte | ette iskostuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte iskostuneet | ette olisi iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | iskostuisivat | eivät iskostuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat iskostuneet | eivät olisi iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | iskostuttaisiin | ei iskostuttaisi | passive | olisi iskostuttu | ei olisi iskostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | iskostu | älä iskostu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | iskostukoon | älköön iskostuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon iskostunut | älköön olko iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | iskostukaamme | älkäämme iskostuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | iskostukaa | älkää iskostuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | iskostukoot | älkööt iskostuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot iskostuneet | älkööt olko iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | iskostuttakoon | älköön iskostuttako | passive | olkoon iskostuttu | älköön olko iskostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | iskostunen | en iskostune | 1st sing. | lienen iskostunut | en liene iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | iskostunet | et iskostune | 2nd sing. | lienet iskostunut | et liene iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | iskostunee | ei iskostune | 3rd sing. | lienee iskostunut | ei liene iskostunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | iskostunemme | emme iskostune | 1st plur. | lienemme iskostuneet | emme liene iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | iskostunette | ette iskostune | 2nd plur. | lienette iskostuneet | ette liene iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | iskostunevat | eivät iskostune | 3rd plur. | lienevät iskostuneet | eivät liene iskostuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | iskostuttaneen | ei iskostuttane | passive | lienee iskostuttu | ei liene iskostuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | iskostua | present | iskostuva | iskostuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | iskostunut | iskostuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | iskostuessa | iskostuttaessa | agent4 | iskostuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | iskostumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | iskostuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | iskostumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | iskostumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | iskostumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | iskostumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | iskostumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | iskostuman | iskostuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | iskostuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- iskostaa (transitive)
Further reading
[edit]- “iskostua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02