kahdeksan

Finnish

(index ka)

Finnish cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : kahdeksan     Ordinal : kahdeksas     Adverbial : kahdeksasti     Multiplier : kahdeksankertainen     Colloquial counting form : kasi     Colloquial ordinal : kakki
Finnish Wikipedia article on kahdeksan

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kakteksa. The initial component is kaksi (“two”), but the nature of the latter component (shared with yhdeksän (“nine”)) remains disputed. The most common explanation is that it consists of two parts: *e-, the negative verb (ei), and *-ksa, a reflexive verb ending (compare Kalevala forms such as istuikse = istuutuu (“he/she sits (down)”)). The combination would then mean "two are not there", and "of ten" was implied or originally said.

The original nominative kahdeksa was replaced by the genitive form due to seitsen and kymmen ending in -n (which is also the genitive ending), but is attested in older texts, particularly in compounds. Alternatively, if the aforementioned explanation is true, the final *-n may be an old dual verb ending, in which case it may be original in kahdeksan and analogous in yhdeksän.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑhdeksɑn/, [ˈkɑxde̞ks̠ɑn]
• Rhymes: -ɑhdeksɑn
• Syllabification: kah‧dek‧san

Numeral

kahdeksan

1. eight

Usage notes

• See Appendix:Finnish numbers.

Declension

Declension of kahdeksan (type koira) noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative kahdeksan (*) kahdeksat superessive – – genitive kahdeksan kahdeksien / kahdeksain delative – – partitive kahdeksaa kahdeksia sublative – – accusative kahdeksan kahdeksat lative – – inessive kahdeksassa kahdeksissa temporal – – elative kahdeksasta kahdeksista causative – – illative kahdeksaan kahdeksiin multiplicative kahdeksasti – adessive kahdeksalla kahdeksilla distributive – – ablative kahdeksalta kahdeksilta temp. dist. – – allative kahdeksalle kahdeksille prolative – – essive kahdeksana kahdeksina situative – – translative kahdeksaksi kahdeksiksi oppositive – – instructive – kahdeksin abessive kahdeksatta kahdeksitta comitative – kahdeksine

Declension is the same as type koira (number 10), except of the nominative singular form (*), where an -n is added at the end.

Compounds

• aamukahdeksan
• kahdeksankulmio
• kahdeksanvuotias

Descendants

• Kven: kahđeksen, kaheksan

See also

• kahdeksas
• kahdeksantoista