nutma
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Estonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *nuttadak, ultimately onomatopoeia. Cognate to Veps nutta (“to bark, to hoot, to revile”) and Livonian nutt (“to call, to yell, to bark”).
Verb[edit]
nutma (da-infinitive nutta)
- to cry
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of nutma (ÕS type 35/petma, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | nutan | ei nuta | 1st sing. | olen nutnud | ei ole nutnud pole nutnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | nutad | 2nd sing. | oled nutnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | nutab | 3rd sing. | on nutnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | nutame | 1st plur. | oleme nutnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | nutate | 2nd plur. | olete nutnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | nutavad | 3rd plur. | on nutnud | ||||||
| passive | nutetakse | ei nuteta | passive | on nutetud | ei ole nutetud pole nutetud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | nutsin | ei nutnud | 1st sing. | olin nutnud | ei olnud nutnud polnud nutnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | nutsid | 2nd sing. | olid nutnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | nuttis | 3rd sing. | oli nutnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | nutsime | 1st plur. | olime nutnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | nutsite | 2nd plur. | olite nutnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | nutsid | 3rd plur. | oli nutnud | ||||||
| passive | nuteti | ei nutetud | passive | oli nutetud | ei olnud nutetud polnud nutetud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | nutaksin | ei nutaks | 1st sing. | nutnuksin oleksin nutnud |
ei nutnuks ei oleks nutnud poleks nutnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | nutaksid | 2nd sing. | nutnuksid oleksid nutnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | nutaks | 3rd sing. | nutnuks oleks nutnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | nutaksime | 1st plur. | nutnuksime oleksime nutnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | nutaksite | 2nd plur. | nutnuksite oleksite nutnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | nutaksid | 3rd plur. | nutnuksid oleksid nutnud | ||||||
| passive | nutetaks | ei nutetaks | passive | oleks nutetud | ei oleks nutetud poleks nutetud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | nuta | ära nuta | 2nd sing. | ole nutnud | ära ole nutnud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | nutku | ärgu nutku | 3rd sing. | olgu nutnud | ärgu olgu nutnud | ||||
| 1st plur. | nutkem | ärme nutame ärme nuta ärgem nutkem |
1st plur. | olgem nutnud | ärme oleme nutnud ärme ole nutnud ärgem olgem nutnud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | nutke | ärge nutke | 2nd plur. | olge nutnud | ärge olge nutnud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | nutku | ärgu nutku | 3rd plur. | olgu nutnud | ärgu olgu nutnud | ||||
| passive | nutetagu | ärgu nutetagu | passive | olgu nutetud | ärgu olgu nutetud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | nutvat | ei nutvat | active | olevat nutnud | ei olevat nutnud polevat nutnud | ||||
| passive | nutetavat | ei nutetavat | passive | olevat nutetud | ei olevat nutetud polevat nutetud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | nutma | nutetama | nominative | nutta | olla nutnud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | nuttes | olles nutnud | |||||
| inessive | nutmas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | nutmast | present | nuttev | nutetav | |||||
| translative | nutmaks | past | nutnud | nutetud | |||||
| abessive | nutmata | negative | nutmatu | — | |||||