orangutan

See also: orangután, orang-utan, orang utan, Orang-Utan, órang-útan, and órangútan

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

orangutan

Wikipedia

Alternative forms

orang-utan, orang-outang, ourang-outang, orangoutang, orang utan, orangutang
(rare) ourang outang, orang-outan, ourangoutang, orang-utang, ourang-outan, oran-outang, orang-otang, orangoutan, orangotang, orang-otan, uran-utan, oran-otan, orang-hutan

Etymology

Probably via Dutch orang-oetan, orang-oetang, apparently from Malay orang hutan, orang utan (literally “forest man”), from orang (“person, man”) + hutan (“forest”), although as a term for the animal it is attested only recently (earlier and preferred terms being mawas and mayas). As there is originally no evidence for its usage, except occasionally literally, it must be assumed to have been regional, or a descriptive collocation used to explain the animal to early travellers. Forms in -ng are alterations after the first element, orang.^[1]

The name orangutan has been used in Old Javanese texts, notably in Rāmāyaṇa and Smaradahana, in the form of uraṅutan and wuraṅutan. Its usage to refer to the apes in these texts (from as early as the 9th century CE) has been seen as a refutation of claims that the name orangutan originates from a European source.^[2]

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /əˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæn/, /əˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæŋ/^[3]
(UK, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /ɔəˌɹæŋuːˈtæn/, /ˌɔə.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/^[4]
(US) IPA^(key): /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/, /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæŋ/, /ɔˈɹæŋ.ʊˌtæn/, /oʊˈɹæŋ-/^[5]
Audio (US): (file)
Audio (UK): (file)
(General Australian) IPA^(key): /əˈɹæŋˌə.tɛːŋ/, /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæŋ/
(Indic) IPA^(key): /ɵˈɾɑŋɡʊʈɑn/
Hyphenation: o‧rang‧u‧tan

Noun

orangutan (plural orangutans)

An arboreal ape, characterised by their shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, which comprise the genus Pongo, native to Borneo and Sumatra.

Usage notes

Formerly considered a single species.
First described scientifically in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus as Homo Sylvestris.
Renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp, then placed in Pongo by Lacépède in 1799.
From 1996, divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, with three subspecies) and the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii).
The third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), was identified definitively in 2017.

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Catalan: orangutan
→ Czech: orangutan
→ Faroese: orangutang (perhaps via another European language)
→ French: orang-outan, ourang-outang
- → Romanian: urangutan
→ German: Orang-Utan
→ Greek: ουρακοτάγκος (ourakotágkos)
→ Hungarian: orangután
→ Italian: orangutan, orango
→ Japanese: オランウータン (oran'ūtan)
→ Korean: 오랑우탄 (orang'utan)
→ Polish: orangutan
→ Russian: орангутан (orangutan), орангутанг (orangutang)
- → Armenian: օրանգուտան (ōrangutan)
- → Ingrian: orang-utan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: орангу̀та̄н
- Latin script: orangùtān
→ Sicilian: rangutanu
→ Spanish: orangután
- → Galician: orangután
→ Swedish: orangutang
→ Thai: อุรังอุตัง (ù-rang-ù-dtang)
→ Turkish: orangutan

Translations

arboreal anthropoid ape

Arabic: إِنْسَان اَلْغَاب m (ʔinsān al-ḡāb)
Armenian: օրանգուտան (hy) (ōrangutan)
Assamese: ওৰাংওটাং (üraṅütaṅ)
Asturian: orangután (ast)
Bau Bidayuh: mayas
Belarusian: арангутан m (aranhutan)
Bulgarian: орангутан (bg) m (orangutan)
Catalan: orangutan (ca) m
Central Dusun: kogiu
Central Melanau: mayaih
Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎩᏱᏍᎩ (adalonige adalisgiyisgi)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 紅毛猩猩 / 红毛猩猩 (hóngmáo xīngxing)
Czech: orangutan (cs) m
Dutch: orang-oetan (nl) m
Esperanto: orangutango, orangutano (eo)
Estonian: orangutan (et), orangutang (et) (dated)
Finnish: oranki (fi)
French: orang-outan (fr) m
Georgian: ორანგუტანი (oranguṭani)
German: Orang-Utan (de) m
Greek: ουρακοτάγκος (el) m (ourakotágkos)
Hindi: आरंगुटान ? (āraṅguṭān), ओरंगोटंग (hi) m (oraṅgoṭaṅg)
Hungarian: orangután (hu)
Icelandic: órangútan m
Ido: orangutano (io)
Inari Sami: oraŋgi
Indonesian: orang utan (id), mawas (id)
Ingrian: orang-utan
Irish: órang-útan m
Italian: orango (it) m
Japanese: オランウータン (ja) (oran'ūtan), 猩猩 (ja) (しょうじょう, shōjō)
Kashubian: orangùtan
Kazakh: орангутан (orañutan)
Korean: 오랑우탄 (orang'utan)
Latvian: orangutans m
Lithuanian: orangutãnas m, orangutángas m
Macedonian: орангутан m (orangutan)
Malay: orang utan (ms), mawas (ms)
Manx: apey jiarg m
Maori: tuahuru
Navajo: mágí diʼilí
Polish: orangutan (pl) m
Portuguese: orangotango (pt) m
Romanian: urangutan (ro) m
Russian: орангута́н (ru) m (orangután), орангута́нг (ru) m (orangutáng)
Sebop: kuyang
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: орангу̀та̄н m

Roman: orangùtān (sh) m
Spanish: orangután (es) m
Swedish: orangutang (sv) c
Tagal Murut: kagui
Tagalog: urangutang
Thai: อุรังอุตัง (ù-rang-ù-dtang)
Tibetan: སྤྲ (spra)
Turkish: orangutan (tr)
Tày: báo đông
Uab Meto: atoinfui
Ukrainian: орангутан m (oranhutan)
Vietnamese: đười ươi (vi)
Welsh: orangwtang m
West Coast Bajau: begiu, mawas
Yiddish: אָראַנג־אוטאַנג m (orang-utang)

References

^ “orangutan, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
^ Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah (2020), “The word ‘orangutan’: Old Malay origin or European concoction?”, in Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, volume 176, number 4, →DOI, pages 532–541
^ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Orangutan”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.
^ The Chambers Dictionary, 9th Ed., 2003
^ “orangutan”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Catalan

Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:

orangutan

Wikipedia ^ca

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central) [u.ɾəŋ.ɡuˈtan]
IPA^(key): (Balearic) [o.ɾəŋ.ɡuˈtan]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [o.ɾaŋ.ɡuˈtan]
Audio (Barcelona): (file)

Noun

orangutan m (plural orangutans)

orangutan

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

orangutan

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈoraŋɡutan]
Hyphenation: oran‧gu‧tan

Noun

orangutan m anim (relational adjective orangutaní, diminutive orangutánek)

orangutan (any ape of the genus Pongo)

Declension

Declension of orangutan (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutani
genitive	orangutana	orangutanů
dative	orangutanovi, orangutanu	orangutanům
accusative	orangutana	orangutany
vocative	orangutane	orangutani
locative	orangutanovi, orangutanu	orangutanech
instrumental	orangutanem	orangutany

Italian

Alternative forms

orango, urango, orangotango, orangutango, orangotano, orangutano, rangutan, rangutano

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Noun

orangutan m (invariable)

orangutan

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

orangutan

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔ.raŋˈɡu.tan/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -utan
Syllabification: o‧ran‧gu‧tan

Noun

orangutan m animal

orangutan (any ape of the genus Pongo)

Declension

Declension of orangutan

	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutany
genitive	orangutana	orangutanów
dative	orangutanowi	orangutanom
accusative	orangutana	orangutany
instrumental	orangutanem	orangutanami
locative	orangutanie	orangutanach
vocative	orangutanie	orangutany

Descendants

→ Kashubian: orangùtan

Romanian

Noun

orangutan m (plural orangutani)

alternative form of urangutan

Declension

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	orangutan	orangutanul	orangutani	orangutanii
genitive-dative	orangutan	orangutanului	orangutani	orangutanilor
vocative	orangutanule		orangutanilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from English orangutan, from Malay orang utan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /oranɡǔtaːn/
Hyphenation: o‧ran‧gu‧tan

Noun

orangùtān m anim (Cyrillic spelling орангу̀та̄н)

orangutan

Declension

Declension of *orangutan*
	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutani
genitive	orangutana	orangutana
dative	orangutanu	orangutanima
accusative	orangutana	orangutane
vocative	orangutane	orangutani
locative	orangutanu	orangutanima
instrumental	orangutanom	orangutanima

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اورانغوتان (orangutan), from French orangoutan, from Malay orang utan.

Noun

orangutan

orangutan

Declension

Declension of orangutan

	singular	plural
nominative	orangutan	orangutanlar
definite accusative	orangutanı	orangutanları
dative	orangutana	orangutanlara
locative	orangutanda	orangutanlarda
ablative	orangutandan	orangutanlardan
genitive	orangutanın	orangutanların

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	orangutanım	orangutanlarım
2nd singular	orangutanın	orangutanların
3rd singular	orangutanı	orangutanları
1st plural	orangutanımız	orangutanlarımız
2nd plural	orangutanınız	orangutanlarınız
3rd plural	orangutanları	orangutanları
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	orangutanımı	orangutanlarımı
2nd singular	orangutanını	orangutanlarını
3rd singular	orangutanını	orangutanlarını
1st plural	orangutanımızı	orangutanlarımızı
2nd plural	orangutanınızı	orangutanlarınızı
3rd plural	orangutanlarını	orangutanlarını
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	orangutanıma	orangutanlarıma
2nd singular	orangutanına	orangutanlarına
3rd singular	orangutanına	orangutanlarına
1st plural	orangutanımıza	orangutanlarımıza
2nd plural	orangutanınıza	orangutanlarınıza
3rd plural	orangutanlarına	orangutanlarına
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	orangutanımda	orangutanlarımda
2nd singular	orangutanında	orangutanlarında
3rd singular	orangutanında	orangutanlarında
1st plural	orangutanımızda	orangutanlarımızda
2nd plural	orangutanınızda	orangutanlarınızda
3rd plural	orangutanlarında	orangutanlarında
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	orangutanımdan	orangutanlarımdan
2nd singular	orangutanından	orangutanlarından
3rd singular	orangutanından	orangutanlarından
1st plural	orangutanımızdan	orangutanlarımızdan
2nd plural	orangutanınızdan	orangutanlarınızdan
3rd plural	orangutanlarından	orangutanlarından
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	orangutanımın	orangutanlarımın
2nd singular	orangutanının	orangutanlarının
3rd singular	orangutanının	orangutanlarının
1st plural	orangutanımızın	orangutanlarımızın
2nd plural	orangutanınızın	orangutanlarınızın
3rd plural	orangutanlarının	orangutanlarının

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “orangutan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[1] “orangutan, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

[2] Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah (2020), “The word ‘orangutan’: Old Malay origin or European concoction?”, in Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, volume 176, number 4, →DOI, pages 532–541

[3] James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Orangutan”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

[4] The Chambers Dictionary, 9th Ed., 2003

[5] “orangutan”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

References

Catalan

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading

Italian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Further reading

Romanian

Noun

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Turkish

Etymology

Noun

Declension

References