pemerintah

Indonesian

Etymology

Affixation peng- +‎ perintah, from Malay pemerintah, from Classical Malay pemerintah.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pəməˈrɪntah]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pê‧mê‧rin‧tah

Noun

pêmêrintah (plural pemerintah-pemerintah)

1. government (body with the power to make and/or enforce laws)

   Synonyms: kerajaan (Malay, Brunei, Malaysia), pemerintah (Malay, Singapore)

2. manager

   Synonyms: pengelola, pengurus

Derived terms

Affixations

• berpemerintahan
• pemerintahan

Compounds

• pemerintah bayang-bayang
• pemerintah bayangan
• pemerintah berdaulat
• pemerintah daerah
• pemerintah darurat
• pemerintah de facto
• pemerintah desa
• pemerintah federal
• pemerintah kesatuan
• pemerintah kolonial
• pemerintah nasional
• pemerintah pusat
• pemerintah sendiri

Descendants

• → Ternate: pamarenta

Further reading

• “pemerintah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Affixation of peN- +‎ perintah (“to govern”).

Pronunciation

• (Baku) IPA^(key): /pəməˈrintah/ [pə.məˈrin̪.t̪ah]
  • Rhymes: -intah

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /pəməˈrintah/ [pə.məˈrin̪.t̪ah], /pəməˈrentah/ [pə.məˈren̪.t̪ah]
  • Rhymes: -intah, -entah
• Hyphenation: pe‧me‧rin‧tah

Noun

pemerintah (Jawi spelling ڤمرينته, plural pemerintah-pemerintah or pemerintah²)

1. (Indonesia, Singapore) government (body with the power to make and/or enforce laws)

   Synonym: kerajaan (Brunei, Malaysia)

   Synonym: pengereh (Indonesia)

2. ruler

   Synonym: penguasa

3. command

Usage notes

"Pemerintah" is used in Singapore to refer to governments of republics, including the government of Singapore. In Indonesia, "pemerintah" is for any government, regardless of monarchy or republic. In Malaysia, "kerajaan" is used for any government, even if it is not a monarchy.

Descendants

• > Indonesian: pemerintah (inherited)
  • → Ternate: pamarenta

Adjective

pemerintah (Jawi spelling ڤمرينته, comparative lebih pemerintah, superlative paling pemerintah)

1. ruling, commanding
2. governing

Further reading

• “pemerintah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
• "pemerintah" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017