prać
Appearance
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьràti (“to beat, to wash”). First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]prać impf (perfective sprać or uprać)
- (hapax legomenon) to wash, to launder (to clean underwear and clothing using wate)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[1], page 16:
- Tu *ystną na to byly *postavyoną, aby myaly v strozy kosczyol a tesch by gy vmyątaly a praly odzyenye *kosczyelną
- [Ty istne na to były postawione, aby miały w stroży kościoł a też by ji […] umiatały […] a prały odzienie kościelne]
- (hapax legomenon) to bleach cloth
- 1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)transliteration, transcription, 18, 17:
- Stawszi nad wodø, iasz gydze do zwyrzchnyego stawku, gysz gest na drodze tego polya, gdzesz sukno praly
- [Stawszy nad wodą, jaż jidzie do zwirzchniego stawku, jiż jest na drodze tego pola, gdzież sukno prali]
Derived terms
[edit]nouns
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “prać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “prać”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “prać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “prać”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- S. Urbańczyk, editor (1973), “prać”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 7, Wrocław, Warsaw, Kraków, Gdańsk: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 21
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “prać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish prać.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈprat͡ɕ/
- (Greater Poland):
- (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA(key): [ˈprat͡ɕ]
- (Masovia):
- (Far Masovian) IPA(key): [ˈprat͡ɕ]
- (Lesser Poland):
Verb
[edit]prać impf
- (transitive) to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]
- (transitive, colloquial) to beat, to pound (to hit or strike someone hard and for a long time) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with po (+ locative) ‘what body part’]
- Synonyms: okładać; see also Thesaurus:bić
- (transitive, in general, sometimes of weather, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Far Masovian, Łęczyca, Western Kraków, Krzęcin, Podegrodzie, Biecz, Przemyśl, Żołynia, Ropczyce, Babia Góra, Skawica, Podhale, Rabka-Zdrój) synonym of bić (“to beat”) [with instrumental ‘with what’]
- Biczem skórę prają. (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) ― They're beating the skin with a whip.
- Kijem ją prała. (Łęczyca) ― She was beating her with a stick.
- Grad prał. (Przemyśl, Żołynia) ― The hail was beating.
- Marzec zacząn śniégiąm prać, kidać. (Babia Góra, Skawica)
- March started to hit, drip with snow.
- Jak jom (czarownicę) zacon prać. (of a witch, Podhale, Rabka-Zdrój)
- When I started to beat her.
- (transitive, Middle Polish) to beat; to win; to overcome
- (intransitive, colloquial) to blast (to shoot a weapon for a long time or in bursts) [with z (+ genitive) ‘what weapon’; or with do (+ genitive) ‘at whom/what’]
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:bić
- (transitive, Western Kraków, Podhale) synonym of rzucać (“to throw”) [with instrumental ‘what’]
- rzucać sobą (Podhale) ― to throw oneself at; to attack
- Prali skałami. (Podhale, Łopuszna) ― They were throwing stones.
- Gdy bydłem piere po ziemi. (Podhale) ― When I throw the cattle about the ground.
- Jedną konwią wodę brała, a tą drugą o ziem prała. (Western Kraków, Pińczów)
- She took water with one watering can, and threw the other against the ground.
- (transitive, Podhale, Rabka-Zdrój) synonym of wymachiwać [with instrumental ‘with ones hand or hands’]
- prać rękami ― to throw out/flail one's hands
- (transitive, obsolete) to pound (to strike something loudly)
- (transitive, Near Masovian, Żychlin, of a swan, used in folk songs) synonym of trzepotać (“to beat or flap one's wings”) [with instrumental ‘with ones hand or hands’]
- Gęś pierze na jeziorze. (song) ― A goose flaps its wings on the lake.
- (reflexive with się) to be washed (of fabrics, to have dirt removed with water and/or with cleaning agents)
- (reflexive with się, colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl) to beat each other, to pound each other (to hit or strike one another hard and for a long time) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
- (reflexive with się, colloquial) to blast each other (to shoot a weapon at one another for a long time or in bursts)
- (reflexive with się, Podhale, Zakopane) synonym of śpieszyć się (“to rush, to hurry, to run quickly”)
- I 'prać sie' naprzód z państwę. ― And they are hurrying forward with you.
- (reflexive with się, Podhale, Zakopane) synonym of kołysać się (“to rock, to sway back and forth; to wobble”)
- (reflexive with się, Lublin) synonym of miesiączkować (“to menstruate”)
- Kobieta pierze się. ― The woman is menstruating.
- (reflexive with się, obsolete, colloquial) to pound oneself (to hit or strike oneself hard and for a long time)
- (reflexive with się, Middle Polish, figuratively) to cleanse oneself (to free oneself from moral filth; of sin: to be defeated, overcome, to be erased)
- (reflexive with się, obsolete, of something) to clamor (to make a loud sound after being beaten)
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]nouns
verbs
verbs
- prać brudne pieniądze impf, wyprać brudne pieniądze pf
- prać brudy impf
- prać mózg impf, wyprać mózg pf
Related terms
[edit]nouns
verbs
- wyjść w praniu pf, wychodzić w praniu impf
Further reading
[edit]- “prać”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “prać się”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “prać”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[4] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “prać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “prać się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Wiesław Morawski (24.09.2013), “PRAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Wiesław Morawski (09.09.2019), “PRAĆ SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “prać”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “prać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “prać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 967
- Jan Karłowicz (1906), “prać”, in Jan Łoś, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 4: P, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 336
- Stanisław Ciszewski (1909), “purli”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary mazowieckiej”, in Prace Filologiczne[5] (in Polish), volume 7, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 209
- Aleksander Saloni (1908), “prać”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne[6] (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 339
- prać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish prać.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]prać impf
- (transitive) to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents)
- (transitive) to beat, to pound
- (intransitive, impersonal, obsolete, of especially snow) to pile (to fall, especially in large amounts)
- (reflexive with sie) to be washed (of fabrics, to have dirt removed with water and/or with cleaning agents)
Conjugation
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
[edit]- prac in dykcjonorz.eu
- prać in silling.org
- Bogdan Kallus (2020), “prać”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 365
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “prać”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 119
- Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023), “prać”, in Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), p, page 197
- Michał Przywara (c. 1900), “prać”, in Narzecza śląskie napisał ks. Michał Przywara. C. Słownik[7]
Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (beat)
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish imperfective verbs
- Old Polish hapax legomena
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- zlw-opl:Laundry
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (beat)
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Polish
- Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish
- Far Masovian Polish
- Łęczyca Polish
- Western Kraków Polish
- Podegrodzie Polish
- Biecz Polish
- Western Lublin Polish
- Przemyśl Polish
- Podhale Polish
- Babia Góra Polish
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/at͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Polish/at͡ɕ/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish transitive verbs
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish intransitive verbs
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Near Masovian Polish
- Polish folk poetic terms
- Polish reflexive verbs
- Polish dialectal terms
- Lublin Polish
- Urban Polish
- pl:Laundry
- pl:Menstruation
- pl:Violence
- Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (beat)
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/at͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Silesian/at͡ɕ/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian verbs
- Silesian imperfective verbs
- Silesian transitive verbs
- Silesian intransitive verbs
- Silesian impersonal verbs
- Silesian terms with obsolete senses
- Silesian reflexive verbs
- szl:Laundry