Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to beat”).

Verb

*pьràti impf

1. (transitive) to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike
   1. (transitive) to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents)

Inflection

Conjugation of *pьrati, *pьra, *peretь (impf., tr., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pьranьje	*pьrati	*pьratъ	*pьralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pьranъ	*peromъ
Active	*pьravъ	*pery

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraxъ	*pьra	*pьra	*perǫ	*pereši	*peretь
Dual	*pьraxově	*pьrasta	*pьraste	*perevě	*pereta	*perete
Plural	*pьraxomъ	*pьraste	*pьrašę	*peremъ	*perete	*perǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraaxъ	*pьraaše	*pьraaše	—	*peri	*peri
Dual	*pьraaxově	*pьraašeta	*pьraašete	*perěvě	*perěta	—
Plural	*pьraaxomъ	*pьraašete	*pьraaxǫ	*perěmъ	*perěte	—

Derived terms

nouns

• *peridlo
• *porťa

Related terms

verbs

• *periti
• *pьrěti
• *pérti

nouns

• *pьrtь
• *sъporъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пьрати (pĭrati)
    • Old Ruthenian: прати (prati)
      • Belarusian: праць (pracʹ)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: пра́ти (práty)
      • Ukrainian: пра́ти (práty)
  • Russian: прать (pratʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Church Slavonic: пьрати (pĭrati)
    • Bulgarian: пера́ (perá)
    • Macedonian: пере (pere)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пра̏ти

    Latin script: prȁti

  • Slovene: práti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: práti
    • Czech: prát
  • Old Polish: prać
    • Polish: prać
    • Silesian: prać
  • Old Slovak: prať
    • Slovak: prať
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: prac
    • Slovincian: prac
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: prać
    • Lower Sorbian: praś

Further reading

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “prać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 757, page 2
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “prać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 478
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пера”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 165
• Havlová, E., Erhart, A., Janyšková, I., editors (1989–2022), “pьrati₁; pьrati₃”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 1–21, Prague; Brno: Academia; Tribun EU, page 739
• Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎^[2], University of Vienna, page 6: “*pьra̋ti”
• Machek, Václav (1968), “práti”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 481
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “праць”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “пра́ти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “prát”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 520

• Snoj, Marko (2016), “práti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “прать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to overcome, to cross over”) with semantic shift: “to overcome” > “to move forward” > “to fly”. Compare Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over”), Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), Old English faran (“to go, to travel”).

Alternatively root *(s)per- (“feather”) is suggested, compare Proto-Slavic *però, Lithuanian spar̃nas, Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna).

Verb

*pьrati impf

1. (attested in South Slavic, intransitive) to fly

   Synonym: *letě̀ti

Inflection

Conjugation of *pьrati, *pьra, *peretь (impf., intr., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pьranьje	*pьrati	*pьratъ	*pьralъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*pьravъ	*pery

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraxъ	*pьra	*pьra	*perǫ	*pereši	*peretь
Dual	*pьraxově	*pьrasta	*pьraste	*perevě	*pereta	*perete
Plural	*pьraxomъ	*pьraste	*pьrašę	*peremъ	*perete	*perǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pьraaxъ	*pьraaše	*pьraaše	—	*peri	*peri
Dual	*pьraaxově	*pьraašeta	*pьraašete	*perěvě	*perěta	—
Plural	*pьraaxomъ	*pьraašete	*pьraaxǫ	*perěmъ	*perěte	—

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: пьрати (pĭrati)

    • Church Slavonic: пьрати (pĭrati) (Russian recension)

Further reading

• Havlová, E., Erhart, A., Janyšková, I., editors (1989–2022), “pьrati₂”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 1–21, Prague; Brno: Academia; Tribun EU, page 739