пера

See also: Perä, perä, pera, Pera, pêra, pēra, perá, and пэра

Andi

Etymology

Akin to Khvarshi пар (par).

Noun

пера (pera)

1. bee

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьràti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛˈrɤ]

Verb

пера́ • (perá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective пе́рна)

1. (originally) to apply friction, to pound one against another
   1. (transitive, intransitive) to wash, to launder (by hand)
   2. (transitive, intransitive) to do the laundry (with a machine)
2. (colloquial) to pelt, to smack
3. (figurative, of precipitation) to rain buckets (to rain heavily)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of пера́ (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	перя́щ perjášt	прал pral	перя́л perjál	пран pran		пере́йки peréjki
	definite subject form	перя́щият perjáštijat	пра́лият prálijat	—	пра́ният pránijat
	definite object form	перя́щия perjáštija	пра́лия prálija	—	пра́ния pránija
feminine	indefinite	перя́ща perjášta	пра́ла prála	перя́ла perjála	пра́на prána
	definite	перя́щата perjáštata	пра́лата prálata	—	пра́ната pránata
neuter	indefinite	перя́що perjášto	пра́ло prálo	перя́ло perjálo	пра́но práno	пране́ prané
	definite	перя́щото perjáštoto	пра́лото práloto	—	пра́ното pránoto	пране́то pranéto
plural	indefinite	перя́щи perjášti	пра́ли práli	пере́ли peréli	пра́ни práni	пра́ния, пране́та pránija, pranéta
	definite	перя́щите perjáštite	пра́лите prálite	—	пра́ните pránite	пра́нията, пране́тата pránijata, pranétata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		пера́ perá	пере́ш peréš	пере́ peré	пере́м perém	пере́те peréte	пера́т perát
imperfect		перя́х perjáh	пере́ше peréše	пере́ше peréše	перя́хме perjáhme	перя́хте perjáhte	перя́ха perjáha
aorist		прах prah	пра pra	пра pra	пра́хме práhme	пра́хте práhte	пра́ха práha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and перя́л m, перя́ла f, перя́ло n, or пере́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and перя́л m, перя́ла f, перя́ло n, or пере́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and перя́л m, перя́ла f, перя́ло n, or пере́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			пери́ perí			пере́те peréte

Derived terms

• пе́рвам (pérvam), пе́ркам (pérkam) (semelfactive)
• изпера pf (izpera), изпирам impf (izpiram)
• напера pf (napera), напирам impf (napiram) (dialectal)
• опера pf (opera), опирам impf (opiram)
• препера pf (prepera), препирам impf (prepiram)
• пропера pf (propera), пропирам impf (propiram, “to do a round of laundry”) (in manual washing)
• пера́ч m (peráč), пера́чка f (peráčka) (agent nouns)
• пера́ло (perálo), пера́лка (perálka, “laundry bat”) (dialectal)
  • пера́лня (perálnja, “washing machine”)
  • пера́лище (perálište, “place on a river where one could wash their laundry”) (obsolete)
• пера́тен (peráten, “intended for laundry”)

Related terms

• пера́стя (perástja, “to bash”) (dialectal)

References

• “пера”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “пера”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “пе́рѫ, -ешь; прахъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 25
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пера”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 165

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɛˈra]

Noun

пера́ • (perá)

1. indefinite plural of перо (pero)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛɾa]

Noun

пера • (pera)

1. indefinite plural of перо (pero)

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʲɪˈra]

Noun

пера́ • (perá) n inan

1. genitive singular of перо́ (peró)