Egyptian [ edit ] Etymology [ edit ] s- ( causative prefix ) + ḥqꜣ ( “ to rule ” ) .
Pronunciation [ edit ] caus. 3-lit.
( transitive ) install as ruler Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of sḥqꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sḥqꜣ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
sḥqꜣ sḥqꜣw , sḥqꜣ sḥqꜣt sḥqꜣ sḥqꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
sḥqꜣ ḥr sḥqꜣ m sḥqꜣ r sḥqꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
sḥqꜣ.n sḥqꜣw , sḥqꜣ consecutive
sḥqꜣ.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
sḥqꜣt
perfective 3
sḥqꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
sḥqꜣ.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
sḥqꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
sḥqꜣw , sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣy sḥqꜣw , sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣy potentialis1
sḥqꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
sḥqꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
sḥqꜣ.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
sḥqꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 sḥqꜣ sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣw 5 , sḥqꜣy 5
imperfective
sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣy , sḥqꜣw 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣj 6 , sḥqꜣy 6 sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣw 5
prospective
sḥqꜣ , sḥqꜣtj 7 —
sḥqꜣwtj 1 4 , sḥqꜣtj 4 , sḥqꜣt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
References [ edit ] Hoch, James (1997 ) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN page 153 
