sꜥšꜣ

Egyptian[edit]

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥšꜣ (“to be numerous”).

caus. 3-lit.

The plural strokes in this word function as a determinative for numerousness.

Conjugation of sꜥšꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sꜥšꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
sꜥšꜣ	sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ	sꜥšꜣt	sꜥšꜣ	sꜥšꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
sꜥšꜣ	ḥr sꜥšꜣ	m sꜥšꜣ	r sꜥšꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥšꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	sꜥšꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sꜥšꜣ	sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣw⁵, sꜥšꜣy⁵
imperfective	sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy, sꜥšꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣj⁶, sꜥšꜣy⁶	sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣw⁵
prospective	sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣtj⁷	—	sꜥšꜣwtj^{1 4}, sꜥšꜣtj⁴, sꜥšꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175.