sꜥr

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ jꜥr (“to ascend”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛɑːr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sear

Verb

 caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to make ascend, to raise up

Inflection

Conjugation of sꜥr (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜥr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sꜥrt, sꜥr	sꜥrw, sꜥr	sꜥrt	sꜥr	sꜥr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sꜥr	ḥr sꜥr	m sꜥr	r sꜥr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	sꜥr.n	sꜥrw, sꜥr	consecutive	sꜥr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	sꜥrt
perfective3	sꜥr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	sꜥr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	sꜥr	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	sꜥrw, sꜥr, sꜥry	sꜥrw, sꜥr, sꜥry	potentialis1	sꜥr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	sꜥr	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	sꜥr	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥr	sꜥr, sꜥrw5, sꜥry5
imperfective	sꜥr, sꜥry, sꜥrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	sꜥr, sꜥrj6, sꜥry6	sꜥr, sꜥrw5
prospective	sꜥr, sꜥrtj7	—	sꜥrwtj1 4, sꜥrtj4, sꜥrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜥr  

sjꜥr

[Old Kingdom]

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.9–33.17, 48
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 125