surcharger

English

Etymology

surcharge +‎ -er

Noun

surcharger (plural surchargers)

1. One who surcharges.

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “surcharger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

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French

Etymology

sur- +‎ charger

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/

Verb

surcharger

1. (transitive) to overcharge
2. (transitive) to overload, overburden, overcrowd
3. (transitive) to surcharge

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written surcharge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of surcharger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	surcharger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	surchargeant /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		surchargé /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/	surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/	surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/
	imperfect	surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/	surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/	surchargeait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/	surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/	surchargeaient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	surchargeai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/	surchargeas /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/	surchargea /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/	surchargeâmes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒam/	surchargeâtes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒat/	surchargèrent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛʁ/
	future	surchargerai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	surchargeras /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	surchargera /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	surchargerons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/	surchargerez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	surchargeront /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	surchargerait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	surchargerions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	surchargeriez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁje/	surchargeraient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/	surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/
	imperfect2	surchargeasse /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/	surchargeasses /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/	surchargeât /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/	surchargeassions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	surchargeassiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sje/	surchargeassent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/	—	surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/	surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “surcharger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.