tmm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛmɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: temem

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) to close

Inflection

Conjugation of tmm (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: tm, geminated stem: tmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
tmm8	tmm	tmmt	tmm, tm	tmm, tm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
tmm, tm	ḥr tmm	m tmm	r tmm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	tmm.n, tm.n	tm	consecutive	tm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	tmmt
perfective3	tm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	tmm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	tmm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	tmm	tmm	potentialis1	tm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	tm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	tm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	tm	active + .tj1, .tw2	tm	tm, tmw5, tmy5
imperfective	tmm, tmmy, tmmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	tmm, tmmj6, tmmy6	tmm, tmmw5
prospective	tm, tmtj7	—	tmmtj4, tmmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. tm before suffix pronouns.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 300.