venger
English
Etymology
Noun
venger (plural vengers)
- Obsolete form of avenger.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queen, I.iii:
- His bleeding hart is in the vengers hand, / Who streight him rent in thousand peeces small
- 1891, Rudyard Kipling, The Mutiny of the Mavericks:
- And the hand of the venger shall never be stayed / Till his race, faith, and speech are a dream of the past
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queen, I.iii:
See also
References
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “venger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
French
Etymology
From Middle French venger, vengier, from Old French vengier, from Latin vindicāre, present active infinitive of vindicō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɑ̃.ʒe/
audio: (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Homophones: vengé, vengeai, vengée, vengées, vengés, vengez
Verb
venger
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written venge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
infinitive | simple | venger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | vengeant /vɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | vengé /vɑ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | venge /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
venges /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
venge /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
vengeons /vɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
vengez /vɑ̃.ʒe/ |
vengent /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
imperfect | vengeais /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
vengeais /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
vengeait /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
vengions /vɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
vengiez /vɑ̃.ʒje/ |
vengeaient /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
past historic2 | vengeai /vɑ̃.ʒe/ |
vengeas /vɑ̃.ʒa/ |
vengea /vɑ̃.ʒa/ |
vengeâmes /vɑ̃.ʒam/ |
vengeâtes /vɑ̃.ʒat/ |
vengèrent /vɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
future | vengerai /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
vengeras /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
vengera /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
vengerons /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
vengerez /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
vengeront /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | vengerais /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
vengerais /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
vengerait /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
vengerions /vɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vengeriez /vɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
vengeraient /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | venge /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
venges /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
venge /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
vengions /vɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
vengiez /vɑ̃.ʒje/ |
vengent /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
imperfect2 | vengeasse /vɑ̃.ʒas/ |
vengeasses /vɑ̃.ʒas/ |
vengeât /vɑ̃.ʒa/ |
vengeassions /vɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
vengeassiez /vɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
vengeassent /vɑ̃.ʒas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | venge /vɑ̃ʒ/ |
— | vengeons /vɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
vengez /vɑ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “venger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Noun
venger m
- indefinite plural of veng
Old French
Verb
venger
- Alternative form of vengier
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | venger | avoir vengé | |||||
gerund | en venjant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | venjant | ||||||
past participle | vengé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | venge | venges | venge | venjons | vengez | vengent |
imperfect | venjoie, vengeie, venjoe, vengeve | venjoies, vengeies, venjoes, vengeves | venjoit, vengeit, venjot, vengeve | vengiiens, vengiens | vengiiez, vengiez | venjoient, vengeient, venjoent, vengevent | |
preterite | venjai | venjas | venja | venjames | venjastes | vengerent | |
future | vengerai | vengeras | vengera | vengerons | vengeroiz, vengereiz, vengerez | vengeront | |
conditional | vengeroie, vengereie | vengeroies, vengereies | vengeroit, vengereit | vengeriiens, vengeriens | vengeriiez, vengeriez | vengeroient, vengereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | venge | venges | venge | venjons | vengez | vengent |
imperfect | venjasse | venjasses | venjast | vengissons, vengissiens | vengissoiz, vengissez, vengissiez | venjassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | venge | — | venjons | vengez | — |
- English terms suffixed with -er
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- French terms inherited from Middle French
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- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
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