3-lit.
( intransitive ) to speak evil , to curse or blaspheme (+ ḥr : about, against) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
( transitive ) to revile (someone or something) [since the New Kingdom]
Possibly the same word as wꜣ ( “ to brood, to conspire ” ) .
Conjugation of wꜥꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜥꜣ , geminated stem: wꜥꜣꜣ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣw , wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣt
wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
wꜥꜣ
ḥr wꜥꜣ
m wꜥꜣ
r wꜥꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
wꜥꜣ.n
wꜥꜣw , wꜥꜣ
consecutive
wꜥꜣ.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
wꜥꜣt
perfective 3
wꜥꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
wꜥꜣ.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
wꜥꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣꜣ
potentialis1
wꜥꜣ.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
wꜥꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
wꜥꜣ.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
wꜥꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣ , wꜥꜣw 5 , wꜥꜣy 5
imperfective
wꜥꜣ , wꜥꜣy , wꜥꜣw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
wꜥꜣ , wꜥꜣj 6 , wꜥꜣy 6
wꜥꜣ , wꜥꜣw 5
prospective
wꜥꜣ , wꜥꜣtj 7
—
wꜥꜣtj 4 , wꜥꜣt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣ
wꜥꜣ
[Late Egyptian]
[Late Egyptian]
[Late Period]
Demotic: wꜥy
(From the passive participle:)
⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ ( oua )
⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ ( oua )
⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ ( oua )
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 244.10–244.13
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 57
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 458 .