κινδυνεύω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]κῐ́νδῡνος (kíndūnos, “danger”) + -εύω (-eúō)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kin.dyː.něu̯.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kin.dyˈne.wo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /cin.dyˈne.βo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /cin.dyˈne.vo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /cin.diˈne.vo/
Verb
[edit]κινδῡνεύω • (kindūneúō)
- to be daring, run a risk, venture
- to run the risk [with infinitive ‘of doing’]
- Used to express possibility or probability
Conjugation
[edit] Present: κῐνδῡνεύω, κῐνδῡνεύομαι
Imperfect: ἐκῐνδῡ́νευον, ἐκῐνδῡνευόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκῐνδῡ́νευον | ἐκῐνδῡ́νευες | ἐκῐνδῡ́νευε(ν) | ἐκῐνδῡνεύετον | ἐκῐνδῡνευέτην | ἐκῐνδῡνεύομεν | ἐκῐνδῡνεύετε | ἐκῐνδῡ́νευον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκῐνδῡνευόμην | ἐκῐνδῡνεύου | ἐκῐνδῡνεύετο | ἐκῐνδῡνεύεσθον | ἐκῐνδῡνευέσθην | ἐκῐνδῡνευόμεθᾰ | ἐκῐνδῡνεύεσθε | ἐκῐνδῡνεύοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐκῐνδῡ́νευσᾰ, ἐκῐνδῡνεύθην
Perfect: κεκῐνδῡ́νευκᾰ, κεκῐνδῡ́νευμαι
Derived terms
[edit]- διακινδῡνεύω (diakindūneúō)
- κινδῡ́νευμα (kindū́neuma)
- συγκινδῡνεύω (sunkindūneúō)
Further reading
[edit]- “κινδυνεύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κινδυνεύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κινδυνεύω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κινδυνεύω (kinduneúō).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]κινδυνεύω • (kindynévo) (past κινδύνεψα/κινδύνευσα, passive —) (intransitive)
- to be in danger, to be in peril, to be at risk
- to be in danger, to risk, to run the risk [with να (na, + clause) ‘of doing’]
Conjugation
[edit]κινδυνεύω (active forms only)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | κινδυνεύω | κινδυνέψω, κινδυνεύσω1 | ||
2 sg | κινδυνεύεις | κινδυνέψεις, κινδυνεύσεις | ||
3 sg | κινδυνεύει | κινδυνέψει, κινδυνεύσει | ||
1 pl | κινδυνεύουμε, [‑ομε] | κινδυνέψουμε, [‑ομε], κινδυνεύσουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | κινδυνεύετε | κινδυνέψετε, κινδυνεύσετε | ||
3 pl | κινδυνεύουν(ε) | κινδυνέψουν(ε), κινδυνεύσουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | κινδύνευα | κινδύνεψα, κινδύνευσα1 | ||
2 sg | κινδύνευες | κινδύνεψες, κινδύνευσες | ||
3 sg | κινδύνευε | κινδύνεψε, κινδύνευσε | ||
1 pl | κινδυνεύαμε | κινδυνέψαμε, κινδυνεύσαμε | ||
2 pl | κινδυνεύατε | κινδυνέψατε, κινδυνεύσατε | ||
3 pl | κινδύνευαν, κινδυνεύαν(ε) | κινδύνεψαν, κινδυνέψαν(ε), κινδύνευσαν | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα κινδυνεύω ➤ | θα κινδυνέψω / κινδυνεύσω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα κινδυνεύεις, … | θα κινδυνέψεις / κινδυνεύσεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … κινδυνέψει / κινδυνεύσει | |||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … κινδυνέψει / κινδυνεύσει | |||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … κινδυνέψει / κινδυνεύσει | |||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | κινδύνευε | κινδύνεψε, κινδύνευσε | ||
2 pl | κινδυνεύετε | κινδυνέψτε, κινδυνεύστε | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | κινδυνεύοντας ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας κινδυνέψει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | κινδυνέψει, κινδυνεύσει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Second forms with ευσ- are formal. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms
[edit]- διακινδυνεύω (diakindynévo, “endanger”)
- κινδυνολογώ (kindynologó)
- παρακινδυνεύω (parakindynévo, “endanger”)
- ριψοκινδυνεύω (ripsokindynévo, “endanger”)
- and see: κίνδυνος (kíndynos, “danger”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -εύω
- Ancient Greek 4-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'ταξιδεύω'
- Greek verbs lacking passive forms