φακός
Ancient Greek[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- φᾰκόν (phakón)
Etymology[edit]
Disputed. From a root *bʰaḱ- shared with Albanian bathë (“broad bean”). The initial *bʰa- is also found in Latin faba (“bean”), Proto-Slavic *bòbъ (“bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Alternatively akin to ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”), in which case possibly from Pre-Greek. An Illyrian origin has also been proposed, in which case the word could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos, “cowpea”).
However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰa.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰaˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸaˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /faˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /faˈkos/
Noun[edit]
φᾰκός • (phakós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension
- lentil (Lens culinaris) and its seed
- anything shaped like a lentil:
Inflection[edit]
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φᾰκός ho phakós |
τὼ φᾰκώ tṑ phakṓ |
οἱ φᾰκοί hoi phakoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φᾰκοῦ toû phakoû |
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν toîn phakoîn |
τῶν φᾰκῶν tôn phakôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φᾰκῷ tôi phakôi |
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν toîn phakoîn |
τοῖς φᾰκοῖς toîs phakoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φᾰκόν tòn phakón |
τὼ φᾰκώ tṑ phakṓ |
τοὺς φᾰκούς toùs phakoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰκέ phaké |
φᾰκώ phakṓ |
φᾰκοί phakoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “φακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φακός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- lentil idem, page 485.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 3052b
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[2] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 444, about Semitic words for freckles from words for lentil. In particular “ṭlpḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “ṭlpḥwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “ṭlpḥn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986– – potentially the Classical Syriac ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) and the Greek are the second half of this word.
Greek[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Ancient Greek φακός (phakós).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
φακός • (fakós) m (plural φακοί)
- (optics) lens
- torch (UK), flashlight (US)
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
- φακός επαφής m (fakós epafís, “contact lens”)
- αμφίκοιλος (amfíkoilos, “biconcave”, adjective)
- αμφίκυρτος (amfíkyrtos, “biconvex”, adjective)
Further reading[edit]
- φακός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from Illyrian
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Illyrian
- Ancient Greek doublets
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- grc:Legumes
- grc:Skin
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- el:Optics
- Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'