малый
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Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic малъ (malŭ), from Proto-Slavic *malъ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel-, whence English small.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]ма́лый • (mályj) (comparative (по)ме́ньше, superlative мале́йший or ме́ньший)
Usage notes
[edit]- The short form should not be conflated with the adjective мал (mal, “too small”), which has lexicalized as a short-form-only adjective in its own right.
- A special short form is found in the expression от ма́ла до вели́ка (ot mála do velíka, “all ages”, literally “from small to big”). Here, ма́ла and вели́ка are old short genitives.
- A special short form is found in the expression ку́ча мала́ (kúča malá, “pile of people, disorderly heap”, literally “small pile”). Here, мала́ is an old short feminine attributive adjective.
- A special short form is found in the expression мал мала́ ме́ньше (mal malá ménʹše, “one (child, object, etc.) smaller than the next”, literally “small smaller”). Here, мал (masculine) and мала́ (feminine) are old short attributive adjectives.
Declension
[edit]Declension of ма́лый (short class b)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ма́лый mályj |
ма́лое máloje |
ма́лая málaja |
ма́лые mályje | |
genitive | ма́лого málovo |
ма́лой máloj |
ма́лых mályx | ||
dative | ма́лому málomu |
ма́лой máloj |
ма́лым málym | ||
accusative | animate | ма́лого málovo |
ма́лое máloje |
ма́лую máluju |
ма́лых mályx |
inanimate | ма́лый mályj |
ма́лые mályje | |||
instrumental | ма́лым málym |
ма́лой, ма́лою máloj, máloju |
ма́лыми málymi | ||
prepositional | ма́лом málom |
ма́лой máloj |
ма́лых mályx | ||
short form | мал mal |
мало́ maló |
мала́ malá |
малы́ malý |
Pre-reform declension of ма́лый (short class b)
masculine | neuter | feminine | m. plural | n./f. plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ма́лый mályj |
ма́лое máloje |
ма́лая málaja |
ма́лые mályje |
ма́лыя mályja | |
genitive | ма́лаго málavo |
ма́лой máloj |
ма́лыхъ mályx | |||
dative | ма́лому málomu |
ма́лой máloj |
ма́лымъ málym | |||
accusative | animate | ма́лаго málavo |
ма́лое máloje |
ма́лую máluju |
ма́лыхъ mályx | |
inanimate | ма́лый mályj |
ма́лые mályje |
ма́лыя mályja | |||
instrumental | ма́лымъ málym |
ма́лой, ма́лою máloj, máloju |
ма́лыми málymi | |||
prepositional | ма́ломъ málom |
ма́лой máloj |
ма́лыхъ mályx | |||
short form | малъ mal |
мало́ maló |
мала́ malá |
малы́ malý |
Derived terms
[edit]- мал (mal)
Related terms
[edit]- малёк (maljók)
- малить (malitʹ)
- ма́ло (málo)
- ма́ло ли (málo li)
- ме́ньший (ménʹšij)
- меньшой (menʹšoj)
- наиме́ньший (naiménʹšij)
- умали́ть (umalítʹ)
Noun
[edit]ма́лый • (mályj) m anim (genitive ма́лого, nominative plural ма́лые, genitive plural ма́лых)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “малый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “малый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 505
Categories:
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mēlo-
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Russian lemmas
- Russian adjectives
- Russian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives
- Russian adjectives with short forms
- Russian adjectives with short accent pattern b
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian animate nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine accent-a adjectival nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian adjectival nouns