العراق

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Arabic

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Root
ع ر ق (ʕ r q)
10 terms
Arabic Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym included the areas in the south and center of modern Iraq. This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, the Arabian Peninsula), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, Mesopotamia), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /⁠ērag⁠/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /⁠erāg⁠/, lowlands),[1] like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /⁠ērān⁠/, Iran), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /⁠ēr⁠/, Iranian), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /⁠*ērag⁠/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name.[2] The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, distaff) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, small lamb).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāqm or f

  1. Iraq (a country in Asia)

Usage notes

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  • The definite article ال (al-) is indispensable.
  • Unlike the majority of country names, الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) is usually a masculine noun.

Declension

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References

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  1. ^ Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009) “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 163
  2. ^ See the Aramaic entry for the locus and the literature on it.

Gulf Arabic

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Etymology

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Root
ع ر ق
2 terms

From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /lɪʕraːɡ/, /ɪlɪʕraːɡ/

Proper noun

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العراق (li-ʕrāgf

  1. Iraq (a country in Asia)
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Hijazi Arabic

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العراق
عَلَم العراق

Etymology

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From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /al.ʕi.raːɡ/, [alʕɪraːɡ]

Proper noun

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العِراق (alʕirāgf

  1. Iraq (a country in Asia)

Usage notes

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  • This is one of the country names which requires the definite article ال.
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South Levantine Arabic

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /il.ʕi.raːq/, [ɪl.ʕɪˈrˤɑːq]
  • Audio (Ramallah):(file)

Proper noun

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العراق (il-ʕirāqm

  1. Iraq (a country in Asia)
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