عفص

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Arabic

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Etymology

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Borrowed into Arabic from Aramaic עַפְצָא (ʿap̄ṣā) / ܥܱܦܨܳܐ (ʿap̄ṣā), absolute state עֲפֶץ (ʿap̄eṣ), itself treated as a later variant of אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā) / ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā), absolute state אֲפֶץ (ʾap̄eṣ). The Arabic verbs are denominal, from the use of the idea of oakgalls being a powerful astringent, used in medicine and tanning. Arabic عَصَفَ (ʕaṣafa, to hit on; to blow violently) is metathetical to this denominal verb with its ideas of violence and after the inflation of an oakgall. Distantly related to the root ع ص ر (ʕ-ṣ-r) which also exists in Aramaic.

Noun

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عَفْص (ʕafṣm (collective, singulative عَفْصَة f (ʕafṣa))

  1. gall-nut, oak-gall
    Coordinate term: تَاكُوت (tākūt)
  2. gall-oak (Quercus lusitanica and other species)

Declension

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Descendants

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  • Tigre: አፈስ (ʾäfäs)

Verb

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عَفَصَ (ʕafaṣa) I (non-past يَعْفِصُ (yaʕfiṣu), verbal noun عَفْص (ʕafṣ))

  1. to tie up, to wring, to squish
  2. to defeat in battle
  3. to rape, to sard forcefully

Conjugation

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Verb

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عَفَّصَ (ʕaffaṣa) II (non-past يُعَفِّصُ (yuʕaffiṣu), verbal noun تَعْفِيص (taʕfīṣ))

  1. to tincture with oakgall

Conjugation

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Adjective

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عَفِص (ʕafiṣ)

  1. acrid, of astringent taste

Declension

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References

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  • Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 876
  • Freytag, Georg (1835) “عفص”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 185a–b
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عفص”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 299b–300a
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “عفص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 731a

Hijazi Arabic

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Root
ع ف ص
1 term

Etymology

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From Arabic عَفَصَ (ʕafaṣa, to compress, to squeeze).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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عفص (ʕaffaṣ) II (non-past يِعَفِّص (yiʕaffiṣ))

  1. to squish, to squash
    Synonym: فَعَّص (faʕʕaṣ)
    ليش عَفَّصْتْ المخدّة؟
    lēš ʕaffaṣt almaḵadda?
    why did you squish the pillow?

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of عفص (ʕaffaṣ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عفصت (ʕaffaṣt) عفصت (ʕaffaṣt) عفص (ʕaffaṣ) عفصنا (ʕaffaṣna) عفصتوا (ʕaffaṣtu) عفصوا (ʕaffaṣu)
f عفصتي (ʕaffaṣti) عفصت (ʕaffaṣat)
non-past m أعفص (ʔaʕaffiṣ) تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ) يعفص (yiʕaffiṣ) نعفص (niʕaffiṣ) تعفصوا (tiʕaffiṣu) يعفصوا (yiʕaffiṣu)
f تعفصي (tiʕaffiṣi) تعفص (tiʕaffiṣ)
imperative m عفص (ʕaffiṣ) عفصوا (ʕaffiṣu)
f عفصي (ʕaffiṣi)

See also

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