まほし

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Japanese

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Etymology

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Shift from まくほし (-makuhoshi), itself a compound of ま (-ma, the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of む (-mu, volitional/conjectural auxiliary verb)) +‎ く (-ku, nominalizing suffix) +‎ ほし (hoshi, classical form of ほしい (hoshii, “wanted, desirable”)).[1][2][3][4][5]

One alternative derivation posits that this may have derived from the volitional/conjectural auxiliary む (-mu) in the irrealis form of ま (-ma), with ほし (hoshi) attaching directly to this.[1] However, syntactically, hoshi never followed verbs in the irrealis, and only followed nouns or verbs in the conjunctive -te conjugation, making this derivation unlikely.

The older form まくほし (-makuhoshi) appears in Old Japanese works of the Nara period and early Heian period,[1][3] with this abbreviated まほし (-mahoshi) form arising later in the Heian period,[3][4] primarily in waka poetry and works written in kana.[1][3] The modern desiderative ending たい (-tai) then appears from the Kamakura period, gradually replacing -mahoshi.[1][3][2][4]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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まほし • (-mahoshi) 

  1. (archaic) following the irrealis stem of verbs
    1. to want (to do); to hope (to do)
      Synonym: たい
    2. (only used after ある) I wish that; it is desirable that
      • 1349, 吉田兼好, 『徒然草』 52
        先(せん)達(だつ)はあらまほしきことなり
        sendatsu wa aramahoshiki koto nari
        It is better to have someone guiding you.

Inflection

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Classical conjugation of "まほし" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) まほしく[1]
まほしから[2]		 まほしく
まほしから		 -mafosiku
-mafosikara
Continuative (連用形) まほしく[1]
まほしかり[2]		 まほしく
まほしかり		 -mafosiku
-mafosikari
Terminal (終止形) まほし まほし -mafosi
Attributive (連体形) まほしき
まほしかる		 まほしき
まほしかる		 -mafosiki
-mafosikaru
Realis (已然形) まほしけれ まほしけれ -mafosikere
Imperative (命令形) まほしかれ まほしかれ -mafosikare
Key constructions
Negative まほしからず まほしからず -mafosikarazu
Contrasting conjunction まほしけれど まほしけれど -mafosikeredo
Causal conjunction まほしければ まほしければ -mafosikereba
Conditional conjunction まほしくば まほしくば -mafosikuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) まほしかりき まほしかりき -mafosikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) まほしかりけり まほしかりけり -mafosikarikeri
Adverbial まほしく まほしく -mafosiku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “まほし”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “まほし”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  5. ^ Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
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