πλευρά
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin. The traditional connections with πλάξ (pláx, “flat object, plate”) (< *plk-) and παλάμη (palámē, “palm”) (< *plh₂-em-eh₂-), via an unattested *πλῆ-ϝαρ (*plê-war), suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). The semantics seem reasonable; however, the morphological formation is unclear.[1]
An alternative theory, deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *pnew-reh₂, from *pnew- (“to breath”), would leave the lambdacism (ν (n) > λ (l)) unexplained (although compare πλεύμων (pleúmōn, “lung”)), in addition to being semantically farfetched (the "lung membrane" meaning appears to be a much later innovation in the English borrowing that was never present in Greek), particularly when compared to the connection with *pleh₂-. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pleu̯.rǎː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /plewˈra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /pleˈβra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /pleˈvra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /pleˈvra/
Noun
[edit]πλευρᾱ́ • (pleurā́) f (genitive πλευρᾶς); first declension
- (anatomy, usually in the plural) A rib.
- Synonym: πλευρόν (pleurón)
- A side of things and places.
- (geometry) A line that forms the side of a triangle or other two-dimensional figure.
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ πλευρᾱ́ hē pleurā́ |
τὼ πλευρᾱ́ tṑ pleurā́ |
αἱ πλευραί hai pleuraí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς πλευρᾶς tês pleurâs |
τοῖν πλευραῖν toîn pleuraîn |
τῶν πλευρῶν tôn pleurôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ πλευρᾷ têi pleurâi |
τοῖν πλευραῖν toîn pleuraîn |
ταῖς πλευραῖς taîs pleuraîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν πλευρᾱ́ν tḕn pleurā́n |
τὼ πλευρᾱ́ tṑ pleurā́ |
τᾱ̀ς πλευρᾱ́ς tā̀s pleurā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | πλευρᾱ́ pleurā́ |
πλευρᾱ́ pleurā́ |
πλευραί pleuraí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ᾰ̓μφῐ́πλευρος (amphípleuros)
- ᾰ̓νῐσόπλευρος (anisópleuros)
- ᾰ̓ντῐ́πλευρος (antípleuros)
- ᾰ̓́πλευρος (ápleuros)
- ᾰ̓ρτῐόπλευρος (artiópleuros)
- ᾰ̓τερόπλευρος (aterópleuros)
- βᾰθῠ́πλευρος (bathúpleuros)
- βούπλευρος (boúpleuros)
- δεκᾰ́πλευρος (dekápleuros)
- δῐᾰπλευρῐσμός (diapleurismós)
- δῐπλᾰσῐόπλευρος (diplasiópleuros)
- δῐ́πλευρος (dípleuros)
- δωδεκᾰ́πλευρον (dōdekápleuron)
- ἕκπλευρος (hékpleuros)
- ἔμπλευρος (émpleuros)
- ἑξᾰ́πλευρος (hexápleuros)
- ἐπῐ́πλευρᾰ (epípleura)
- ἑπτᾰ́πλευρος (heptápleuros)
- ἐρῐ́πλευρος (erípleuros)
- ἑτερόπλευρος (heterópleuros)
- ἡμῐ́πλευρος (hēmípleuros)
- ῐ̓σόπλευρος (isópleuros)
- ῐ̓σοπληθόπλευρος (isoplēthópleuros)
- λευκόπλευρος (leukópleuros)
- μονόπλευρος (monópleuros)
- πᾰρᾰπλευρῐ́δῐᾰ (parapleurídia)
- πᾰρᾰπλευρόω (parapleuróō)
- πεντᾰ́πλευρον (pentápleuron)
- περῐπλευρῐ́ζω (peripleurízō)
- περῐ́πλευρος (perípleuros)
- πλᾰτῠ́πλευρον (platúpleuron)
- πλευρῐ́ον (pleuríon)
- πλευρῐσμός (pleurismós)
- πλεύροθεν (pleúrothen)
- πλευροτῠπής (pleurotupḗs)
- πλεύρωμᾰ (pleúrōma)
- πολῠ́πλευρος (polúpleuros)
- στρογγῠλόπλευρος (strongulópleuros)
- σῠ́μπλευρος (súmpleuros)
- τᾰνῠ́πλευρος (tanúpleuros)
- τετρᾰ́πλευρος (tetrápleuros)
- τρῐ́πλευρος (trípleuros)
- χᾰλκόπλευρος (khalkópleuros)
- χρῡσόπλευρος (khrūsópleuros)
- ψῑλήπλευρᾰ (psīlḗpleura)
Related terms
[edit]- πλευρόν (pleurón)
- πλευρῖτῐς (pleurîtis)
- πλευρῑτῐκός (pleurītikós)
Descendants
[edit]- → Medieval Latin: pleura
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πλευρά”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1208
Further reading
[edit]- “πλευρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πλευρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πλευρά in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πλευρά in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4125 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek πλευρά (pleurá).
Noun
[edit]πλευρά • (plevrá) f (plural πλευρές)
- side (especially a surface or an area)
- στη δυτική πλευρά του κτιρίου
- sti dytikí plevrá tou ktiríou
- on the west side of the building
- η αίθουσα είχε δύο πλευρές με καθίσματα
- i aíthousa eíche dýo plevrés me kathísmata
- the room has two sides with seats
- (mathematics) side
- Ένα τρίγωνο έχει τρεις κορυφές, τρεις πλευρές και τρεις γωνίες.
- Éna trígono échei treis koryfés, treis plevrés kai treis goníes.
- A triangle has three points, three sides and three angles.
- side
- η δεξιά πλευρά του αυτοκινήτου
- i dexiá plevrá tou aftokinítou
- the right-hand side of the car
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- αναλογία πλευρών f (analogía plevrón, “aspect ratio”)
- ανισόπλευρος (anisóplevros, “of unequal sides”, adjective)
- ισόπλευρος (isóplevros, “of equal sides, equilateral”, adjective)
Noun
[edit]πλευρά • (plevrá) n
- Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of πλευρό (plevró).
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension
- grc:Skeleton
- grc:Geometry
- grc:Mathematics
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek feminine nouns
- Greek terms with usage examples
- el:Mathematics
- Greek nouns declining like 'καρδιά'
- Greek non-lemma forms
- Greek noun forms