太息

Chinese

		too (much); very; extremely too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest	rest; news; interest rest; news; interest; breath
simp. and trad. (太息)		太	息

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tàixī, tàixí

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧ, ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tàixī
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tàisi
    • Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴-hsi¹
    • Yale: tài-syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tayshi
    • Palladius: тайси (tajsi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tàixí
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄒㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tàisí
    • Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴-hsi²
    • Yale: tài-syí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tayshyi
    • Palladius: тайси (tajsi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: thajH sik

Rime
Character	太	息
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他蓋切	相即切
Baxter	thajH	sik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑiH/	/sɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑiH/	/sɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑiH/	/siek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰajH/	/sik̚/
Li Rong	/tʰɑiH/	/siək̚/
Wang Li	/tʰɑiH/	/sĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑiH/	/si̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài	xi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taai3	sik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤa[t]-s  sək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːds  slɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	太	息
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tài	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ thajH ›	‹ sik ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/	/*sək/
English	great	breathe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	太	息
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1937	13332
Phonetic component	大	息
Rime group	祭	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	泰	息
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːds/	/*slɯɡ/
Notes		說文自亦聲

Verb

太息

1. (literary) to sigh (with regret); to heave a sigh

   • 陳涉太息曰：「嗟乎，燕雀安知鴻鵠之志哉！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     陈涉太息曰：「嗟乎，燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Chén Shè tàixī yuē: “Jiēhū, yànquè ān zhī hónghúzhīzhì zāi!” [Pinyin]

     Chen She sighed, and said, "Alas, how can a little songbird understand the ambitions of a grand swan!"

Synonyms

• 吐氣／吐气 (Hokkien)
• 咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
• 喘氣／喘气 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 嘆／叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 嘆息／叹息 (tànxī)
• 嘆氣／叹气 (tànqì)
• 打咳聲／打咳声 (Harbin)