-ячий

Russian

Alternative forms

• -а́чий (-áčij) — after the unpaired sounds ч ж ш щ ц

Etymology

Inherited from Late Proto-Slavic *-ęťь, a present active participial suffix. Doublet of -я́щий (-jáščij), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic which replaced this suffix as the normal present participle suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʲæt͡ɕɪj]

Suffix

-я́чий • (-jáčij)

1. Adjective-forming suffix, added to intransitive verbs, particularly class 4 verbs (in -ить (-itʹ)) and class 5 verbs (in -еть (-etʹ) or -ять (-jatʹ)), indicating being in the state of that verb.

   ‎висе́ть (visétʹ, “to hang”) + ‎-я́чий (-jáčij) → ‎вися́чий (visjáčij, “hanging, suspended”)

   ‎ходи́ть (xodítʹ, “to walk”) + ‎-я́чий (-jáčij) → ‎ходя́чий (xodjáčij, “walking; current”)

   ‎стоя́ть (stojátʹ, “to stand”) + ‎-я́чий (-jáčij) → ‎стоя́чий (stojáčij, “standing; stagnant”)

   ‎горе́ть (gorétʹ, “to burn”) + ‎-я́чий (-jáčij) → ‎горя́чий (gorjáčij, “hot; hot-tempered”)

Usage notes

Note the following properties:

• The suffix is always stressed.
• The suffix is added to the present stem of the verb, minus any ending such as -ить (-itʹ), -еть (-etʹ), or -ять (-jatʹ). If the infinitival and present stem differ, the present stem is used.

Declension

Declension of -я́чий (short class a)

		masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative		-я́чий -jáčij	-я́чее -jáčeje	-я́чая -jáčaja	-я́чие -jáčije
genitive		-я́чего -jáčevo		-я́чей -jáčej	-я́чих -jáčix
dative		-я́чему -jáčemu		-я́чей -jáčej	-я́чим -jáčim
accusative	animate	-я́чего -jáčevo	-я́чее -jáčeje	-я́чую -jáčuju	-я́чих -jáčix
	inanimate	-я́чий -jáčij			-я́чие -jáčije
instrumental		-я́чим -jáčim		-я́чей, -я́чею -jáčej, -jáčeju	-я́чими -jáčimi
prepositional		-я́чем -jáčem		-я́чей -jáčej	-я́чих -jáčix
short form		-я́ч -jáč	-я́че -jáče	-я́ча -jáča	-я́чи -jáči

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ячий

Related terms

• -у́чий (-účij), -ю́чий (-júčij)

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

• -ачий (-ačyj) — after the unpaired sounds ч ж ш щ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Proto-Slavic *-ęťь, a present active participial suffix. Doublet of -я́щий (-jáščyj), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

Suffix

-ячий • (-jačyj)

1. used to form present active participles from class 4 verbs (in -ити (-yty)) and from class 5 verbs (in -іти (-ity), -яти (-jaty), -ати (-aty))

   ‎дави́ти (davýty, “to press, to squeeze”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎да́влячий (dávljačyj, “pressing, squeezing”)

   ‎ста́вити (stávyty, “to put, to set”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎ста́влячий (stávljačyj, “putting, setting”)

   ‎носи́ти (nosýty, “to carry, to bear, to wear”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎но́сячий (nósjačyj, “carrying, bearing, wearing”)

   ‎спа́ти (spáty, “to sleep”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎спля́чий (spljáčyj, “sleeping”)

   ‎висі́ти (vysíty, “to hang”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎вися́чий (vysjáčyj, “hanging”)

   ‎нена́видіти (nenávydity, “to hate”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎нена́видячий (nenávydjačyj, “hating”)

   ‎диви́тися (dyvýtysja, “to look at”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎ди́влячийся (dývljačyjsja, “looking”)

Usage notes

• The usage of present active participles is strongly discouraged in the literary language (especially reflective ones); however, they are still commonly used colloquially.
• Present active participles are often used as adjectives (стражда́ючий (straždájučyj), ми́ючий (mýjučyj), убива́ючий (ubyvájučyj)) or sometimes exclusively used as adjectives (гаря́чий (harjáčyj), родю́чий (rodjúčyj), пеку́чий (pekúčyj)).

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ęťь.

Suffix

-ячий • (-jačyj)

1. Forms adjectives, most often from names of animals

   ‎кіт (kit, “cat”) + ‎-я́чий (-jáčyj) → ‎котя́чий (kotjáčyj)

   ‎коза́ (kozá, “goat”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎ко́зячий (kózjačyj)

   ‎ку́р(к)а (kúr(k)a, “chicken”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎ку́рячий (kúrjačyj)

   ‎свиня́ (svynjá, “pig”) + ‎-я́чий (-jáčyj) → ‎свиня́чий (svynjáčyj)

   ‎шака́л (šakál, “jackal”) + ‎-ячий (-jačyj) → ‎шака́лячий (šakáljačyj)

Derived terms

Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ячий