Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Formally appears to be a thematicized variant of Proto-Indo-European *-lós.
Kroonen (2017) instead derives this from the Proto-Indo-European *-trom family of instrumental nominal suffixes, specifically the lambdacized variants Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom and Proto-Indo-European *-tlom. The former suffix and the voiced Verner's alternant of the latter would undergo an assimilation to *-lla-. The geminate consonant would have later shortened to make *-la- which was suffixed onto stems with *-yeti, forming the Germanic agent suffix. [1] Compare Latin -ula.
Suffix[edit]
*-ilaz
- -er: suffix forming agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools
Alternative forms[edit]
Inflection[edit]
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *-ilaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *-ilaz | *-ilōz, *-ilōs | |
| vocative | *-il | *-ilōz, *-ilōs | |
| accusative | *-ilą | *-ilanz | |
| genitive | *-ilas, *-ilis | *-ilǫ̂ | |
| dative | *-ilai | *-ilamaz | |
| instrumental | *-ilō | *-ilamiz | |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *-elo-, thematized from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.
Suffix[edit]
*-ilaz
- forms nouns of diminutive connotation
Inflection[edit]
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *-ilaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *-ilaz | *-ilōz, *-ilōs | |
| vocative | *-il | *-ilōz, *-ilōs | |
| accusative | *-ilą | *-ilanz | |
| genitive | *-ilas, *-ilis | *-ilǫ̂ | |
| dative | *-ilai | *-ilamaz | |
| instrumental | *-ilō | *-ilamiz | |
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Related to the above etymologies. Compare Latin -ilis.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Suffix[edit]
*-ilaz
Inflection[edit]
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-ilaz | *-ilai | *-ilō | *-ilôz | *-ilą, -atō | *-ilō |
| Accusative | *-ilanǭ | *-ilanz | *-ilǭ | *-ilōz | *-ilą, -atō | *-ilō |
| Genitive | *-ilas, -is | *-ilaizǫ̂ | *-ilaizōz | *-ilaizǫ̂ | *-ilas, -is | *-ilaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *-ilammai | *-ilaimaz | *-ilaizōi | *-ilaimaz | *-ilammai | *-ilaimaz |
| Instrumental | *-ilanō | *-ilaimiz | *-ilaizō | *-ilaimiz | *-ilanō | *-ilaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-ilô | *-ilaniz | *-ilǭ | *-ilōniz | *-ilô | *-ilōnō |
| Accusative | *-ilanų | *-ilanunz | *-ilōnų | *-ilōnunz | *-ilô | *-ilōnō |
| Genitive | *-iliniz | *-ilanǫ̂ | *-ilōniz | *-ilōnǫ̂ | *-iliniz | *-ilanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *-ilini | *-ilammaz | *-ilōni | *-ilōmaz | *-ilini | *-ilammaz |
| Instrumental | *-ilinē | *-ilammiz | *-ilōnē | *-ilōmiz | *-ilinē | *-ilammiz |
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *-il
- Old Norse: -ill
- Icelandic: -ill
- Gothic: -𐌹𐌻𐍃 (-ils)
Note: Fossilized in several descendants.