User:Sumiaz/Quechua Suffixes

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Prioritization[edit]

-chi, -chka, -hina, -kama, -ku, -kuna, -man, -manta, -nchik, -ni, -p, -pa, -paq, -pas, -pi, -pti, -rqa, -rqa-n, -rqa-ni, -rqa-nki, -rqu, -s, -si, -spa, -sqa, -ta, -taq, -wa, -wan, -y, -cha, -chu, -lla, -mi, -n, -ni-n, -ni-y, -ni-yki, -nki, -nkichik, -nku, -pura, -ya, -yki, -ykichik, -yku, -yuq, (-chaw), -ña, (-naw), (-piq/-piqta/-pita), -qa, (-r), -mu, -naku, -napaq, -m, -mi, -q, -su, -na, -ni, -raq, -sun, -sunchik, -sunki, -naya, -nqa, -rayku, -saq, -wanchik, -wanki, -ch, (-mayi/-masi), -ychik, -wankiku, -wanku, -ykiku, -ntin, -pa, -paya, -sqayki, -sunkichik, -wanqa, -wanqaku, -ykichik, -llaña, -napas, -nqaku, -ri, -saykiku, -spam, -spapas, -spaqa, -sqaykiku, -stin, -ysi, -chá, -má, -ñataq, -nnaq, -sapa, -saykichik, -sqaykichik, -wankichik, -yá, -chun, -chunku, -mantapacha, -nacha, -nachu, -nka, -nta, -pu, -puni, -suptiyki, -wasun, -wasunchik, -ñiq, -chus, -karay, -kankaray, -llataq, (-manta hunt'a), (-naq), -kampu, -kamu, (-llapas), -mpu, -sina, (-tawan/-tawankama), (-qpi), (-qpillataq), (-qwanmi), (-spantin/-spawanmi), (-sqantin/-sqawan), -mari, -paku, -qarin, -raya, -ska, -chika, -chiki, -kis, -miki, -ñiraq, -paschu, -rikuq, -siki, -su, -ñiq

Directionality[edit]

  • -wa- (2/3→1)
  • -yki (1→2)
  • -su- (3→2)

Present[edit]

↓ SUBJ / OBJ → ñuqata
-wa 		ñuqaykuta
-wa\ku 		ñuqanchikta
-wa\chik 		qamta
-yki / -su 		qamkunata
-yki\chik / -su\chik 		payta
-∅ 		paykunata
-∅
ñuqa
-ni (→-y) 		― ― ― -yki -ykichik ― ―
ñuqayku
(-ni\ku→) -y\ku 		― ― ― -ykiku -ykichikku ― ―
ñuqanchik
-nchik 		― ― ― ― ― ― ―
qam
-nki 		-wanki -wankiku ― ― ― ― ―
qamkuna
-nkichik 		-wankichik -wankichikku ― ― ― ― ―
pay
-n 		-wan -wanku -wanchik -sunki -sunkichik ― ―
paykuna
-n\ku 		-wanku -wanku? -wanchikku -sunkiku -sunkichikku ― ―

Future[edit]

↓ SUBJ / OBJ → ñuqata
-wa 		ñuqaykuta
-wa\ku 		ñuqanchikta
-wa\chik 		qamta
-yki / -su 		qamkunata
-yki\chik / -su\chik 		payta
-∅ 		paykunata
-∅
ñuqa
-saq (→-sa) 		― ― ― -sayki -saykichik ― ―
ñuqayku
-saq\ku 		― ― ― -saykiku -saykichikku? ― ―
ñuqanchik
-sunchik 		― ― ― ― ― ― ―
qam
-nki 		-wanki -wankiku ― ― ― ― ―
qamkuna
-nkichik 		-wankichik -wankichikku ― ― ― ― ―
pay
-nqa 		-wanqa -wanqaku -wasunchik -sunki -sunkichik ― ―
paykuna
-nqa\ku 		-wanqaku? -wanku? -wasunchikku? -sunkiku -sunkichikku ― ―

Nominal Suffixes[edit]

[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Cases[edit]

  • -kama - Terminative, Limitative
Punukama chayan.
Punu-kama chaya-n
Puno-TERM arrive-3SG
"He arrives at Puno."
K'uychichawkama suyasun.
k'uychichaw-kama suya-sun
Saturday-TERM wait-1INPL.FUT
"We will wait until Saturday."
Kutimunaykama.
kuti-mu-na-y-kama
return-TLOC-FUT.P-1SG.POS-TERM
"Until my return."
Qharikamam wawaykunaqa.
qhari-kama-m wawa-y-kuna-qa
male-TERM-EVIDM child-1SG.POS-PL-TOP
"All of my children are male."
"up to, until"; marks the physical or temporal endpoint of an action[1]; "hasta"; expresses limits in time and space[2]; destinations and temporal endpoints[3]; "terminative"; the limit to which an action extends in terms of time, space, number[4]; "terminative"[5]; "hasta", "entre", "cada uno o todos", "y no más"[6]; terminative, distributive[7]; 終点; "...made", "...no aida", "minna ... bakari"[8]
  • -lla - Exclusive
    Peripheral suffix: limitative[2]
  • -man - Illative, Dative
Payman mikhunata apachkani.
pay-man mikhu-na-ta apa-chka-ni
3SG-ILL eat-FUT.P-ACC carry-PROG-1SG
"I am taking food to him."
Llaqtaman richkani.
llaqta-man ri-chka-ni
town-ILL go-PROG-1SG
"I am going towards the town."
Maymanmi kay ñan richkan?
may-man-mi kay ñan ri-chka-n
where-ILL-EVIDM this path go-PROG-3SG
"Where does this path go?"
Wataman kutimusaq.
wata-man kuti-mu-saq
year-ILL return-TLOC-1SG.FUT
"I will return in a year."
"towards, to"; marks direction of movement or the indirect object[1]
  • -manta - Ablative
    "from, about, made out of"; marks origin, precedence, subject matter, or material[1]
  • -naq - Abessive, Privative
    N Derivation: Privative, without[2]
  • -ntin - Comitative
    NN Derivation: "together with"[1]
  • -p/-pa - Genitive
    "of"; marks possession[1]
  • -paq - Benefactive
    "for"; marks the beneficiary[1]
  • -pi - Locative
    "in"; marks temporal, spatial location[1]
  • -pura - Associative, Interactive
    "among"; marks a group performing the same action[1]
  • -rayku - Causal, Causative
    "for, because of"; marks the cause or reason[1]
  • -ta - Accusative
    Wak wasita rikuy. "Look at that house."
    Mamayta qayarispa karqani. "I invited my mother."
    marks direct object, destination of motion verb; marks adj→adv[1]
  • -wan - Instrumental, Comitative
    "with"; marks instrument or company[1]
  • -yuq - Possessive
    N Derivation: Possessive[2]

Misc Nominal[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ (Chanca) Soto Ruiz SC, et al. (2012). Runasimi-kastillanu-inlis llamkaymanaq qullqa, Ayakuchu-Chanka, I rakta. Lluvia Editores: Lima. (PDF)
  2. ^ (Chanca) Zariquiey R, Córdova G. (2008). Qayna, kunan, paqarin: una introducción práctica al quechua chanca. PUCP: Lima. (PDF)
  3. ^ (Bolivia) Laime Ajacopa T, et al. (2007). Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha. 2nd ed. Centro Cultural Jayma: La Paz. (PDF)
  4. ^ (Collao) Cahuana R. (2007). Qosqo-Puno qheswa qelqayta ñawinchayta yachaqana. Sicuani. (PDF)
  5. ^ (IIC) Rios A, Volk M. (2010). Applying finite-state techniques to a Native American language: Quechua. Masters thesis. UZH: Zurich. (PDF)
  6. ^ (Chanca) Coombs Lynch D. (1976). "Sufijos nominales relaciones en el quechua ayacuchano." Datos Etno-Lingüísticos. Ministerio de Educación del Perú, Lima. (PDF)
  7. ^ (Chanca) Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz S, Masson P. (1987). "Los sufijos en el Quechua Ayacuchano: esbozo de una sistematica didactica y analitica." Indiana 11. (PDF)
  8. ^ (Collao) Aoki Y, Palomino de Aoki A. (1992). "Kechuago-no setsuji." Nara Univ Mem 20.

Deriving Verbs[edit]

  • -chi - Causative, 使役
    yachay → yachachiy
    "to learn" → "to make learn (to teach)"
    「学ぶ」 → 「学ばせる（教える）」
    puñuy → puñuchiy
    "to sleep" → "to make sleep"
    「眠る」 → 「眠らせる」
  • -ku - Reflexive, 再帰
    mayllay → mayllakuy
    "to wash" → "to wash oneself"
    「洗う」 → 「自洗う」
    rantiy → rantikuy
    "to buy" → "to buy for oneself"
    「買う」 → 「自為買う」
  • -mu - Translocative, 移動
    puriy → purimuy
    "to walk" → "to walk over"
    「歩く」 → 「歩いてくる」
    apay → apamuy
    "to carry" → "to bring"
    「持つ」 → 「持ってくる」
    paray → paramuy
    "to rain" → "to rain here"
    「雨降る」 → 「雨降ってくる（当地で）」
    mikhuy → mikhumuy
    "to eat" → "to go eat"
    「食べる」 → 「食べてくる」
  • -naku - Reciprocal, 相互
    riqsiy → riqsinakuy
    "to know" → "to know each other"
    「知る」 → 「知合う」
    kuyay → kuyanakuy
    "to love" → "to love each other"
    「愛す」 → 「愛合う」
    maqay → maqanakuy
    "to hit" → "to hit each other (to fight)"
    「打つ」 → 「打合う（戦う）」
  • -naya - Desiderative, 願望
    tusuy → tusunayay
    "to dance" → "to want to dance"
    「踊る」 → 「踊りたがる」
    paray → paranayay
    "to rain" → "to be about to rain"
    「雨降る」 → 「間もなく雨降る」
    waqay → waqanayay
    "to cry" → "to want to cry"
    「泣く」 → 「泣きたがる」
  • -pa - Repetitive, 反復
    pichay → pichapay
    "to clean" → "to clean again"
    「掃除する」 → 「掃除し直す」
    tarpuy → tarpupay
    "to plant" → "to plant again"
    「植える」 → 「植え直す」
    yapay → yapapay
    "to augment" → "to add incrementally"
    「加える」 → 「付け足す」
  • -paya - Frequentative, 頻繁・同伴
    paray → parapayay
    "to rain" → "to rain indefinitely"
    「雨降る」 → 「雨降り続く」
    mañay → mañapayay
    "to request" → "to request repeatedly"
    「頼む」 → 「頼み続ける」
  • -ykacha - Oscillative, 反復・頻繁
    puriy → puriykachay
    "to go" → "to go back and forth"
    「行く」 → 「行ったり来たりする」
    apay → apaykachay
    "to carry" → "to carry from here to there"
    「持つ」 → 「あちこち持ち行く」
    phaway → phawaykachay
    "to fly" → "to flutter"
    「飛ぶ」 → 「飛び交う」
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