boulanger

See also Boulanger

French

Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French boulanger, bolengier (“baker”), from Old Picard boulenc (“bun-maker, bread-maker”), of Germanic origin, from Low Frankish *bolla (“bun”), from Proto-Germanic *bullô (“ball, bowl, round object”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to inflate, swell”) + -enc (“-ing”), from Frankish *-ing (“-ing”), from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (“-ing”). Cognate with Old High German bolla (“fine wheat flour”), Middle Dutch bolle (“bun, round bread”), Middle High German bolle (“bud, spherical vessel”), Danish bolle (“bun, bread”), Old English bolle, bolla (“bowl, cup, pot, measure”). More at bowl, -ing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

boulanger m (plural boulangers; feminine boulangère, plural boulangères)

1. baker

Derived terms

• boulangerie

Verb

boulanger

1. to prepare and bake bread

Conjugation

• This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written boulange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

   Conjugation of boulanger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		boulanger			avoir boulangé
gerund		en boulangeant			en ayant boulangé
present participle		boulangeant
past participle		boulangé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il	nous	vous	ils
simple tenses	present	boulange	boulanges	boulange	boulangeons	boulangez	boulangent
	imperfect	boulangeais	boulangeais	boulangeait	boulangions	boulangiez	boulangeaient
	past historic1	boulangeai	boulangeas	boulangea	boulangeâmes	boulangeâtes	boulangèrent
	future	boulangerai	boulangeras	boulangera	boulangerons	boulangerez	boulangeront
	conditional	boulangerais	boulangerais	boulangerait	boulangerions	boulangeriez	boulangeraient
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior1	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il	que nous	que vous	qu’ils
simple tenses	present	boulange	boulanges	boulange	boulangions	boulangiez	boulangent
	imperfect1	boulangeasse	boulangeasses	boulangeât	boulangeassions	boulangeassiez	boulangeassent
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect1	Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
		—	boulange	—	boulangeons	boulangez	—
1literary tenses