cadarnhau

Welsh

Etymology

From cadarn (“strong, powerful, steadfast, firm, immovable, established, valid”) +‎ -hau.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌkadarnˈhaɨ̯/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌkadarnˈhai̯/
• Rhymes: -aɨ̯

Verb

cadarnhau (first-person singular present cadarnhâf)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to strengthen, make fast or firm, secure, fortify, safeguard, reinforce, replenish; to harden, become obstinate; to cure, heal, make well; to perfect, complete
2. (transitive, intransitive) to declare, affirm, assert, allege; to substantiate, establish, make valid, ratify, sanction, authorize
3. (transitive, intransitive) to confirm, lay hands on (in blessing)

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	cadarnhâf	cadarnhei	cadarnhâ	cadarnhawn	cadarnhewch	cadarnhânt	cadarnheir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	cadarnhawn	cadarnhait	cadarnhâi	cadarnhaem	cadarnhaech	cadarnhaent	cadarnheid
preterite	cadarnheais	cadarnheaist	cadarnhaodd	cadarnhasom	cadarnhasoch	cadarnhasant	cadarnhawyd
pluperfect	cadarnhaswn	cadarnhasit	cadarnhasai	cadarnhasem	cadarnhasech	cadarnhasent	cadarnhasid, cadarnhesid
present subjunctive	cadarnhawyf	cadarnheych	cadarnhao	cadarnhaom	cadarnhaoch	cadarnhaont	cadarnhaer
imperative	—	cadarnhâ	cadarnhaed	cadarnhawn	cadarnhewch	cadarnhaent	cadarnhaer
verbal noun	cadarnhau
verbal adjectives	cadarnhedig cadarnhadwy

Derived terms

• cadarnhaol (“strengthening, reinforcing; positive, affirmative, confirmatory”, adjective)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cadarnhau	gadarnhau	nghadarnhau	chadarnhau
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cadarnhaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies