calculus

English

Wikipedia

Etymology

Latin calculus (“a latin word meaning pebble or stone used for counting”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ˈkæɫkjuːlɘs/

Noun

Wikipedia calculus (countable and uncountable; plural calculi or calculuses)

1. (dated, countable) calculation, computation
2. (countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.

   lambda calculus

   predicate calculus

3. (uncountable, mathematics) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject; analysis.
4. (countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.

   renal calculus ( = kidney stone)

5. (uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.
6. (countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm.
   • 2008 Dec 16, “Cameron calls for bankers’ ‘day of reckoning’”, Financial Times:

     The Tory leader refused to state how many financiers he thought should end up in jail, saying: “There is not some simple calculus."

Synonyms

• (in analysis): infinitesimal calculus
• (in medicine): stone
• (in dentistry): dental calculus, tartar

Derived terms

calculus of sums and differences calculus of variations dental calculus differential calculus felicific calculus finite-difference calculus hedonic calculus hedonistic calculus implicational propositional calculus infinitesimal calculus integral calculus join calculus

Kirby calculus lambda calculus logical calculus noncalculus pi-calculus precalculus predicate calculus propositional calculus tensor calculus tuple calculus utility calculus

Related terms

• calcify
• calcium
• calculate

Translations

formal mathematical system

• Afrikaans: analise (af), calculus (af)
• Catalan: càlcul (ca) m, (Algherese) càlcul (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 微積分學 (cmn), 微积分学 (cmn) (wēijīfēnxué)

• Czech: počet (cs) m
• Finnish: laskenta (fi)
• French: calcul (fr) m
• German: Kalkül (de) m
• Hungarian: kalkulus (hu)
• Italian: calcolo (it)
• Japanese: 微積分学 (ja) (bisekibungaku)
• Norwegian: beregning (no) m and f

• Polish: rachunek (pl) m
• Portuguese: cálculo (pt)
• Romanian: calcul (ro) n
• Russian: исчисление (ru) (isčislénije) n
• Sardinian:

  Campidanese Sardinian: calculu, càrculu

  Gallurese Sardinian: calculu

  Logudorese Sardinian: calculu, càrculu

• Sassarese Sardinian: càlcuru
• Spanish: cálculo (es) m
• Tagalog: tayahan (tl)

differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject

• Afrikaans: analise (af), calculus (af)
• Catalan: càlcul (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 微積分 (cmn), 微积分 (cmn) (wēijīfēn)

• Finnish: laskenta (fi)
• French: calcul (fr) m
• Greek: λογισμός (el) (logismós) m
• Icelandic: deilda- og heildareikningur (is) m, diffur- og tegurreikningur (is) m, örsmæðareikningur (is) m, reiknivísi (is) f
• Ido: kalkulo (io)
• Italian: calcolo (it) m
• Japanese: 微積分 (ja) (bisekibun)

• Norwegian: matematikk (no) m
• Portuguese: cálculo (pt) m
• Romanian: calcul diferențial (ro) n
• Sardinian:

  Campidanese Sardinian: calculu, càrculu

  Gallurese Sardinian: calculu

  Logudorese Sardinian: calculu, càrculu

• Sassarese Sardinian: càlcuru
• Spanish: cálculo diferencial (es) m
• Swedish: analys (sv) c
• Telugu: కలన గణితం (te) (kalana gaNitaM)
• Turkish: kalkülüs (tr)

stony concretion in an organ

• Bulgarian: камък (bg) (kamǎk) m
• Catalan: càlcul (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 結石 (cmn), 结石 (cmn) (jiéshí)

• Finnish: kivi (fi)
• French: calcul (fr) m, lithiase (fr) f

• Icelandic: steinn (is) m
• Japanese: 結石 (ja) (kesseki)
• Latin: lapillus (la) m
• Macedonian: камен (mk) (kámen) m
• Romanian: piatră (ro), calcul (ro) m
• Russian: камень (ru) (kámen') m

deposits on teeth

• Bulgarian: зъбен камък (bg) (zǎben kamǎk)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 牙石 (cmn) (yáshí)

• Finnish: kivi (fi), hammaskivi (fi)
• German: Zahnstein (de) m
• Italian: tartaro (it) m, tartaro dentario (it) m

• Japanese: 歯石 (ja) (しせき, shiseki)
• Macedonian: забен камен (mk) (záben kámen) m
• Polish: kamień nazębny (pl) m
• Romanian: piatră (ro)
• Russian: зубной камень (ru) (zubnój kámen') m, зубной налёт (ru) (zubnój naljót) m
• Spanish: sarro (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Latin: (3) calculus (la) m

See also

• algebra
• analysis
• concretion

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Latin

Etymology

Diminutive from calx (“limestone, game counter”) +‎ -ulus.

Noun

calculus (genitive calculī); m, second declension

1. pebble, stone
2. reckoning, calculating

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	calculus	calculī
genitive	calculī	calculōrum
dative	calculō	calculīs
accusative	calculum	calculōs
ablative	calculō	calculīs
vocative	calcule	calculī

Derived terms

• calculō

Related terms

• calx