jēls

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Latvian[edit]

Jēla gaļa

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *jel-, from Proto-Indo-European *yel- (not ready, not processed). Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal jė̃las (unsalted, not sour, sweet, fresh) (a possible borrowing from Latvian).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

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Adjective[edit]

jēls (definite jēlais, comparative jēlāks, superlative visjēlākais, adverb jēli)

  1. raw (not cooked, roasted, baked, fried, or affected by any food preparation process)
    jēla gaļaraw meat
    jēlas olasraw eggs
    jēlu zivju smaka man bija pretīgathe smell of raw fish was disgusting to me
    skaties, te ir arī olas... tikai nevar zināt, vārītas vai jēlaslook, there are also eggs... but you can't tell if they are cooked or raw
  2. raw, sore (bruised or irritated from abrasion or constant rubbing, pressure) (of skin)
    mugura un sāni slimniekam no ilgas gulēšanas bija jēlithe back and the sides of the patient were raw from lying too long
    Voldis pamanīja, ka labās rokas pirkstu locītavas cīņā nobrāztas jēlas... pirksti bija aplipuši asinīmVoldis noticed that (his) right hand finger joints were bruised raw in the fight... (his) fingers were sticky with blood
  3. humid, wet, miry, boggy, putrid (of land, soil)
    es gāju steidzīgi, ūdens šļakstēja zem manām kajām, kaut kur kurpes iegrima jēlos dubļosI went hurriedly, the water made noises under my feet, somewhere (my) shoes sank into raw mud
    viņš dzina automašīnu pa jēliem, izmirkušiem ceļiemhe drove the car on miry, wet roads
    degunā iesitās sasmakušā ūdens smirdoņa, bet rokām apvijās jēlas un sapuvušas ūdenszālesthe stale water stink hit (his) nose, and (his) hands were entangled in raw, rotten algae
  4. (of words, expressions) raw, crude, rude, offensive, impolite
    jēli vārdiraw, crude words
    lietot jēlu izteicienuto use a rude, impolite expression
    pārcēlājs lietoja tik jēlu valodu, ka ratos sēdētājas sievas sarkathe ferryman used such raw language that the women sitting in the chariot blushed
    romānists Alksnis nu varēja sākt stāstīt savas pikantās anekdotes... cigāru mutē, viņš atlaidās klubkrēslā un tīksminājās ar visjēlākām asprātībāmthe novelist Alksnis could begin telling his spicy anecdotes... with a cigar in his mouth, he sat on the armchair and delighted himself with the rawest, crudest witticisms
  5. (colloquial) weak, feeble, clumsy
    tam jēli pirksti; viss krīt no rokām ārāhe has raw (= weak, clumsy) fingers: everything falls off (his) hands
    tu gan esi jēls: līdz iziet ārā, tūliņ saaukstējasyou are really raw (= weak, feeble): when you go out, you immediately catch a cold

Declension[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jēls”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN