naufrager

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin naufragāre (“to become shipwrecked”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no.fʁa.ʒe/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

naufrager

1. (archaic, intransitive, of a vessel) to sink, go down

   Synonyms: couler, faire naufrage, sombrer

2. (intransitive, of a person) to be on a sinking vessel, go down
3. (intransitive, figuratively) to be on a sinking ship

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written naufrage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of naufrager (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	naufrager
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	naufrageant /no.fʁa.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		naufragé /no.fʁa.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/	naufrages /no.fʁaʒ/	naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/	naufrageons /no.fʁa.ʒɔ̃/	naufragez /no.fʁa.ʒe/	naufragent /no.fʁaʒ/
	imperfect	naufrageais /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/	naufrageais /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/	naufrageait /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/	naufragions /no.fʁa.ʒjɔ̃/	naufragiez /no.fʁa.ʒje/	naufrageaient /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	naufrageai /no.fʁa.ʒe/	naufrageas /no.fʁa.ʒa/	naufragea /no.fʁa.ʒa/	naufrageâmes /no.fʁa.ʒam/	naufrageâtes /no.fʁa.ʒat/	naufragèrent /no.fʁa.ʒɛʁ/
	future	naufragerai /no.fʁaʒ.ʁe/	naufrageras /no.fʁaʒ.ʁa/	naufragera /no.fʁaʒ.ʁa/	naufragerons /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/	naufragerez /no.fʁaʒ.ʁe/	naufrageront /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	naufragerais /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/	naufragerais /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/	naufragerait /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/	naufragerions /no.fʁa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	naufrageriez /no.fʁa.ʒə.ʁje/	naufrageraient /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/	naufrages /no.fʁaʒ/	naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/	naufragions /no.fʁa.ʒjɔ̃/	naufragiez /no.fʁa.ʒje/	naufragent /no.fʁaʒ/
	imperfect2	naufrageasse /no.fʁa.ʒas/	naufrageasses /no.fʁa.ʒas/	naufrageât /no.fʁa.ʒa/	naufrageassions /no.fʁa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	naufrageassiez /no.fʁa.ʒa.sje/	naufrageassent /no.fʁa.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/	—	naufrageons /no.fʁa.ʒɔ̃/	naufragez /no.fʁa.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “naufrager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Verb

naufrager

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of naufragō