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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3ae inf.
( intransitive ) to transgress , to do wrong
( intransitive with r or transitive ) to wrong , to abuse , to lay hands on , to violate (someone)
( transitive ) to defeat (the enemy, evil ones, etc.) [Greco-Roman Period]
( intransitive with r or transitive ) to commit wrong against (a god), to sin
( intransitive with r or transitive ) to damage , to harm (an object, building, or animal)
( intransitive with r or transitive ) to mutilate (limbs, body parts, corpses)
( intransitive with r or transitive ) to invade , to trespass into, to attack (a land or settlement)
( transitive ) to transgress , to violate , to trespass over (a boundary) [19th and 20th Dynasty]
( transitive ) to falsify (weights and measures)
( intransitive ) to stray from or defy one’s orders or what has been said, to be heedless or insubordinate
( intransitive with ḥr or transitive ) to deviate from, to disobey , to stray from (a path, a plan, one’s orders, etc.)
( transitive ) to fail to keep (one’s appointed time ), to neglect , to miss (a set time)
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of thj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: th , geminated stem: thh
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
tht , thj
thw , th
tht , thwt , thyt
th
th , thy
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
th.n
thw , th , thy
consecutive
th.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
tht , thyt
perfective 3
th
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
th.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
th , thy
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
thw , th , thy
thw , th , thy
potentialis1
th.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
th , thy
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
th.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
thw 1 , thy , th
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
th
thy , th
imperfective
thh , thhy , thhw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
thh , thhj 6 , thhy 6
thh , thhw 5
prospective
thw 1 , thy , th , thtj 7
—
thwtj 1 4 , thtj 4 , tht 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of thj
thj
thj
thj
thj
thꜣj
[Pyramid Texts]
[since the Middle Kingdom]
[since the Middle Kingdom]
[since the Middle Kingdom]
[since the 18th Dynasty]
Derived terms [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
“thi̯ (lemma ID 172920) ”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae [1] , Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1931 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [2] , volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 319.3–320.23
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 300