凜

See also: 凛

凜 U+51DC, 凜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51DC ← 凛 [U+51DB] CJK Unified Ideographs 凝 → [U+51DD]

凜 U+F954, 凜 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F954 ← 肋 [U+F953] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 凌 → [U+F955]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凜 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 戈一卜田木 (IMYWD), four-corner 3019₁, composition ⿰冫稟)

1. shiver with cold or fear
2. fearful

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 133, character 44
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1717
• Dae Jaweon: page 298, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 301, character 13
• Unihan data for U+51DC

• Unihan data for U+F954

Chinese

trad.		凜
simp.		凛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (禀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
燷	*b·ruːm
壈	*b·ruːmʔ
燣	*b·ruːmʔ
顲	*b·ruːmʔ, *b·ruːms, *b·rumʔ
稟	*prɯmʔ
廩	*b·rɯmʔ
懍	*b·rɯmʔ
凜	*b·rɯmʔ, *ɡrɯm
癛	*b·rɯmʔ
檁	*b·rɯmʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐn (lin³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lím

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐn
    • Wade–Giles: lin³
    • Yale: lǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liin
    • Palladius: линь (linʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lam⁵
    • Yale: láhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lem⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
    • Tâi-lô: lím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liem
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: gim, limX

Rime
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨金切	力稔切
Baxter	gim	limX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/	/liɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/	/limX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/	/ljemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/	/limX/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/	/liəmX/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/	/lĭĕmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/	/li̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	lǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam4	lam5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯmʔ/, /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ limX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r][ə]mʔ/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	909	913
Phonetic component	禀	禀
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	廩	琴
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯmʔ/	/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

凜

1. freezing cold

   凜冽／凛冽  ―  lǐnliè  ―  freezing cold

2. solemn

   凜然／凛然  ―  lǐnrán  ―  stern; awe-inspiring

3. (literary) fearful (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Compounds

• 凜冽／凛冽 (lǐnliè)
• 凜凜／凛凛 (lǐnlǐn)
• 凜凜冽冽／凛凛冽冽
• 凜慄／凛栗
• 凜然／凛然 (lǐnrán)
• 凜然難犯／凛然难犯
• 凜遵／凛遵 (lǐn zūn)
• 大義凜然／大义凛然 (dàyìlǐnrán)
• 威風凜凜／威风凛凛 (wēifēnglǐnlǐn)
• 道貌凜然／道貌凛然
• 黑凜凜／黑凛凛

 

Japanese

Kanji

凜

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: りん (rin)^{←りむ (rimu, historical)}
• Kan-on: りん (rin)^{←りむ (rimu, historical)}
• Kun: きびしい (kibishii, 凜い)

Proper noun

凜(りん) • (Rin) 

1. a female given name

Korean

Hanja

凜 (eum 름 (reum))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

凜: Hán Nôm readings: lẫm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.