Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/márkos: difference between revisions
Hirabutor is a sock of Tirgil34, a noted peddler and pusher of Turanist fringe ideas and pseudoscientific nationalist ideology. |
Accusations do not match reality. Mr. Blaschke empty rhetoric as always. This page is neither a playground for fringe accusations nor nationalist dogmatists. Take your concerns to the talk page. |
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==Proto-Indo-European== |
==Proto-Indo-European== |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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Celtic {{m|cel-pro|*markos||horse}} and Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*marhaz||horse, mare, steed}} are loanwords from some unidentified source which the [[w:Indo-Europeanists|Indo-Europeanists]] [[w:Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze|T. Gamkrelidze]] and [[w:Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov|V. Ivanov]] associate to horse riding in the [[w:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]].<ref>R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 257.</ref><ref>T. Gamkrelidze & V. Ivanov (1995): Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, p. 472-473.</ref> |
Celtic {{m|cel-pro|*markos||horse}} and Germanic {{m|gem-pro|*marhaz||horse, mare, steed}} are loanwords from some unidentified source which the [[w:Indo-Europeanists|Indo-Europeanists]] [[w:Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze|T. Gamkrelidze]] and [[w:Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov|V. Ivanov]] associate to horse riding in the [[w:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]].<ref>R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 257.</ref><ref>T. Gamkrelidze & V. Ivanov (1995): Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, p. 472-473.</ref> Perhaps of Altaic origin transported via [[Scythian]].<ref name="Mikhailova"/> |
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This might be an Asiatic Wanderwort found also in {{etyl|sit-pro|-}} {{m|sit-pro|*mrāH}},{{m|sit-pro|*mrāŋ||horse, mare, steed}}, [[w:Proto-Tibeto-Burman|Proto-Tibeto-Burman]] ''*mrāŋ'' ("horse"), and {{etyl|cau-nec-pro|-}} {{m|cau-nec-pro|*far-nē||horse, mare}}, possibly originated in the [[w:domestication|domestication]] of wild horses by the [[w:Botai culture|Botai culture]] of northern Kazakhstan (3700-3100 BCE). This is apparently a suffixed form of a root found in {{etyl|tut-pro|-}} {{term|*mórV||horse|lang=tut-pro}}, compare {{etyl|xgn-pro|-}} {{term|*mori||horse|lang=xgn-pro}}, [[Proto-Tungus-Manchu]] {{term|*murin||horse}}, [[Proto-Korean]] {{term|*màr||horse}} and possibly also in {{etyl|dra-pro|-}} {{term|*mar-ai||a k. of deer)|lang=dra-pro}}. |
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According to the linguist T. Mikhailova this word was not transported to Europe by Indo-European tribes, but was adopted in Central Europe by Indo-European speaking tribes (Celts and Germans) from some Asiatic people, speaking Altaic and practising horse-riding, suggesting non-Indo-European Turkic elements among the Scythians.<ref name="Mikhailova">Tatyana A. Mikhailova (Moscow State University). ''[https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/files/1739/4_24.pdf Macc, Cailín and Céile – an Altaic element in Celtic?]'' In: Hildegard L. C. Tristram, ''[https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/1739 The Celtic Languages in Contact: Papers from the Workshop Within the Framework of the XIII International Congress of Celtic Studies]'', Bonn, 26-27. Universitätsverlag Potsdam, 2007. p. 6.</ref> |
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See [[馬#Japanese|馬]], [[Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ|k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ]] for more details. |
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===Noun=== |
===Noun=== |
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====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
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* Celtic: {{l|cel-pro|*markos}} |
* Celtic: {{l|cel-pro|*markos}} |
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** Old Irish: {{l|sga|marc}} |
** Goidelic: |
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*** Old Irish: {{l|sga|marc}} |
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*** Irish: {{l|ga|marc}} |
**** Irish: {{l|ga|marc}} |
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** Brythonic: |
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*** Welsh: {{l|cy|march}} |
*** Welsh: {{l|cy|march}} |
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*** Breton: {{l|br|marc'h}} |
*** Breton: {{l|br|marc'h}} |
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Revision as of 23:41, 18 May 2015
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Celtic *markos (“horse”) and Germanic *marhaz (“horse, mare, steed”) are loanwords from some unidentified source which the Indo-Europeanists T. Gamkrelidze and V. Ivanov associate to horse riding in the Bronze Age.[1][2] Perhaps of Altaic origin transported via Scythian.[3]
This might be an Asiatic Wanderwort found also in (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mrāH,*mrāŋ (“horse, mare, steed”), Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mrāŋ ("horse"), and (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Northeast Caucasian *far-nē (“horse, mare”), possibly originated in the domestication of wild horses by the Botai culture of northern Kazakhstan (3700-3100 BCE). This is apparently a suffixed form of a root found in (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "tut-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (deprecated template usage) Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter "lang" should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "tut-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., compare (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Mongolic (deprecated template usage) *mori, Proto-Tungus-Manchu (deprecated template usage) *murin, Proto-Korean (deprecated template usage) *màr and possibly also in (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Dravidian (deprecated template usage) *mar-ai.
According to the linguist T. Mikhailova this word was not transported to Europe by Indo-European tribes, but was adopted in Central Europe by Indo-European speaking tribes (Celts and Germans) from some Asiatic people, speaking Altaic and practising horse-riding, suggesting non-Indo-European Turkic elements among the Scythians.[3]
See 馬, k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ for more details.
Noun
*márkos
Descendants
References
- ^ R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 257.
- ^ T. Gamkrelidze & V. Ivanov (1995): Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, p. 472-473.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tatyana A. Mikhailova (Moscow State University). Macc, Cailín and Céile – an Altaic element in Celtic? In: Hildegard L. C. Tristram, The Celtic Languages in Contact: Papers from the Workshop Within the Framework of the XIII International Congress of Celtic Studies, Bonn, 26-27. Universitätsverlag Potsdam, 2007. p. 6.
- Template:reference-book
- Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
- *mark(')- & *morV in Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill