καίω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kayyō, past that is uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w-, with cognates such as Lithuanian kūlė, Latvian kūla, Persian سو (su, “light”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kǎi̯.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkɛ.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈcɛ.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈce.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈce.o/
Verb
καίω • (kaíō)
- I light, kindle, set on fire
- I burn, burn up
- I cause to be extremely cold (e.g. of frost)
- (passive voice) I burn with passion
- (middle voice) I make a fire for myself
- (medicine) I cauterize
Inflection
Present: καίω, καίομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | καίω | καίεις | καίει | καίετον | καίετον | καίομεν | καίετε | καίουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | καίω | καίῃς | καίῃ | καίητον | καίητον | καίωμεν | καίητε | καίωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | καίοιμῐ | καίοις | καίοι | καίοιτον | καιοίτην | καίοιμεν | καίοιτε | καίοιεν | |||||
imperative | καῖε | καιέτω | καίετον | καιέτων | καίετε | καιόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | καίομαι | καίῃ, καίει |
καίεται | καίεσθον | καίεσθον | καιόμεθᾰ | καίεσθε | καίονται | ||||
subjunctive | καίωμαι | καίῃ | καίηται | καίησθον | καίησθον | καιώμεθᾰ | καίησθε | καίωνται | |||||
optative | καιοίμην | καίοιο | καίοιτο | καίοισθον | καιοίσθην | καιοίμεθᾰ | καίοισθε | καίοιντο | |||||
imperative | καίου | καιέσθω | καίεσθον | καιέσθων | καίεσθε | καιέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | καίειν | καίεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | καίων | καιόμενος | ||||||||||
f | καίουσᾰ | καιομένη | |||||||||||
n | καῖον | καιόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκαιον | ἔκαιες | ἔκαιε(ν) | ἐκαίετον | ἐκαιέτην | ἐκαίομεν | ἐκαίετε | ἔκαιον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκαιόμην | ἐκαίου | ἐκαίετο | ἐκαίεσθον | ἐκαιέσθην | ἐκαιόμεθᾰ | ἐκαίεσθε | ἐκαίοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | καῖον | καῖες | καῖε(ν) | καίετον | καιέτην | καίομεν | καίετε | καῖον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | καιόμην | καίου | καίετο | καίεσθον | καιέσθην | καιόμε(σ)θᾰ | καίεσθε | καίοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | καύσω | καύσεις | καύσει | καύσετον | καύσετον | καύσομεν | καύσετε | καύσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | καύσοιμῐ | καύσοις | καύσοι | καύσοιτον | καυσοίτην | καύσοιμεν | καύσοιτε | καύσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | καύσομαι | καύσῃ, καύσει |
καύσεται | καύσεσθον | καύσεσθον | καυσόμεθᾰ | καύσεσθε | καύσονται | ||||
optative | καυσοίμην | καύσοιο | καύσοιτο | καύσοισθον | καυσοίσθην | καυσοίμεθᾰ | καύσοισθε | καύσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | καυθήσομαι | καυθήσῃ | καυθήσεται | καυθήσεσθον | καυθήσεσθον | καυθησόμεθᾰ | καυθήσεσθε | καυθήσονται | ||||
optative | καυθησοίμην | καυθήσοιο | καυθήσοιτο | καυθήσοισθον | καυθησοίσθην | καυθησοίμεθᾰ | καυθήσοισθε | καυθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | καύσειν | καύσεσθαι | καυθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | καύσων | καυσόμενος | καυθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | καύσουσᾰ | καυσομένη | καυθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | καῦσον | καυσόμενον | καυθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: καήσομαι (late)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | καήσομαι | καήσῃ | καήσεται | καήσεσθον | καήσεσθον | καησόμεθᾰ | καήσεσθε | καήσονται | ||||
optative | καησοίμην | καήσοιο | καήσοιτο | καήσοισθον | καησοίσθην | καησοίμεθᾰ | καήσοισθε | καήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | καήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | καησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | καησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | καησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκηᾰ | ἔκηᾰς | ἔκηε(ν) | ἐκήᾰτον | ἐκηᾰ́την | ἐκήᾰμεν | ἐκήᾰτε | ἔκηᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | κήω, κήωμῐ |
κήῃς, κήῃσθᾰ |
κήῃ, κήῃσῐ |
κήητον | κήητον | κήωμεν | κήητε | κήωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κήαιμῐ | κήαις, κήαισθᾰ, κήειᾰς |
κήειε(ν), κήαι |
κηεῖτον | κηείτην | κηεῖμεν | κηεῖτε | κηεῖεν | |||||
imperative | κῆον | κηᾰ́τω | κήᾰτον | κηᾰ́των | κήᾰτε | κηᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐκηᾰ́μην | ἐκήᾰο | ἐκήᾰτο | ἐκήᾰσθον | ἐκηᾰ́σθην | ἐκηᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἐκήᾰσθε | ἐκήᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | κήωμαι | κήηαι | κήηται | κήησθον | κήησθον | κηώμε(σ)θᾰ | κήησθε | κήωνται | |||||
optative | κηαίμην | κήαιο | κήαιτο | κήαισθον | κηαίσθην | κηαίμε(σ)θᾰ | κήαισθε | κηαίᾰτο | |||||
imperative | κῆαι | κηᾰ́σθω | κήᾰσθον | κηᾰ́σθων | κήᾰσθε | κηᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κῆαι/κηᾰ́μεν/κηᾰμέναι | κήᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κήᾱς | κηᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | κήᾱσᾰ | κηᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | κῆᾰν | κηᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐκάην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐκάην | ἐκάης | ἐκάη | ἐκάητον | ἐκαήτην | ἐκάημεν | ἐκάητε | ἐκάησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | καῶ | καῇς | καῇ | καῆτον | καῆτον | καῶμεν | καῆτε | καῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | καείην | καείης | καείη | καεῖτον, καείητον |
καείτην, καειήτην |
καεῖμεν, καείημεν |
καεῖτε, καείητε |
καεῖεν, καείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | κάηθῐ | καήτω | κάητον | καήτων | κάητε | καέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | καῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | καείς | |||||||||||
f | καεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | καέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐκεκαύκειν, ἐκεκαύμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκεκαύκειν, ἐκεκαύκη |
ἐκεκαύκεις, ἐκεκαύκης |
ἐκεκαύκει(ν) | ἐκεκαύκετον | ἐκεκαυκέτην | ἐκεκαύκεμεν | ἐκεκαύκετε | ἐκεκαύκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκεκαύμην | ἐκέκαυσο | ἐκέκαυτο | ἐκέκαυσθον | ἐκεκαύσθην | ἐκεκαύμεθᾰ | ἐκέκαυσθε | ἐκέκαυντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Antonyms
- σβέννυμι (sbénnumi)
Derived terms
- καημένος (kaēménos)
- καῦμα (kaûma)
- καυμός (kaumós)
- καῦσις (kaûsis)
- καυτήρ (kautḗr)/ καυστήρ (kaustḗr)
- καυτός (kautós)/ καυστός (kaustós)
- κήλεος (kḗleos)
References
- “καίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “καίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- καίω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- καίω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “καίω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2545 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Alternative forms
- καίγω (kaígo)
Etymology
From Ancient Greek καίω (kaíō).
Verb
καίω • (kaío) (past έκαψα, passive καίγομαι)
Conjugation
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- grc:Medicine
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs