σύζυγος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From συν- (sun-, “together”) +‎ ζυγός (zugós, “yoke, pair”), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, tie together”). Root cognate with Latin coniūnx.

Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *sǫprǫgъ.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sýz.dy.ɡos/ → /ˈsy.zy.ɣos/ → /ˈsi.zi.ɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sýz.dy.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsy.zy.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsy.zy.ɣos/
• (10^th CE Medieval) IPA^(key): /ˈsy.zy.ɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.zi.ɣos/

Adjective

σύζῠγος • (súzŭgos) m or f (neuter σύζῠγον); second declension

1. yoked together, paired
2. (nominalized, feminine) wife
3. (nominalized, masculine) yokefellow, comrade

   For quotations using this term, see Citations:σύζυγος.

Declension

Second declension of σῠ́ζῠγος; σῠ́ζῠγον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		σῠ́ζῠγος sŭ́zŭgos		σῠ́ζῠγον sŭ́zŭgon		σῠζῠ́γω sŭzŭ́gō		σῠζῠ́γω sŭzŭ́gō		σῠ́ζῠγοι sŭ́zŭgoi		σῠ́ζῠγᾰ sŭ́zŭgă
Genitive		σῠζῠ́γου sŭzŭ́gou		σῠζῠ́γου sŭzŭ́gou		σῠζῠ́γοιν sŭzŭ́goin		σῠζῠ́γοιν sŭzŭ́goin		σῠζῠ́γων sŭzŭ́gōn		σῠζῠ́γων sŭzŭ́gōn
Dative		σῠζῠ́γῳ sŭzŭ́gōi		σῠζῠ́γῳ sŭzŭ́gōi		σῠζῠ́γοιν sŭzŭ́goin		σῠζῠ́γοιν sŭzŭ́goin		σῠζῠ́γοις sŭzŭ́gois		σῠζῠ́γοις sŭzŭ́gois
Accusative		σῠ́ζῠγον sŭ́zŭgon		σῠ́ζῠγον sŭ́zŭgon		σῠζῠ́γω sŭzŭ́gō		σῠζῠ́γω sŭzŭ́gō		σῠζῠ́γους sŭzŭ́gous		σῠ́ζῠγᾰ sŭ́zŭgă
Vocative		σῠ́ζῠγε sŭ́zŭge		σῠ́ζῠγον sŭ́zŭgon		σῠζῠ́γω sŭzŭ́gō		σῠζῠ́γω sŭzŭ́gō		σῠ́ζῠγοι sŭ́zŭgoi		σῠ́ζῠγᾰ sŭ́zŭgă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		σῠζῠ́γως sŭzŭ́gōs				σῠζῠγώτερος sŭzŭgṓteros				σῠζῠγώτᾰτος sŭzŭgṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• συζυγίᾱ (suzugíā)

Further reading

• “σύζυγος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• σύζυγος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “σύζυγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σύζυγος in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache‎^[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
• Strong, James (1979), “G4805”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • associate idem, page 46.
  • bedfellow idem, page 69.
  • companion idem, page 149.
  • comrade idem, page 154.
  • mate idem, page 517.
  • yoke fellow idem, page 996.

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek σύζυγος (súzugos, “mate, yoked together”), from συ(ν) (su(n), “together”) +‎ ζυγός (zugós, “yoke, pair”), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, tie together”). Cognate with English syzygy, itself a borrowing from the related συζυγία (suzugía, “union, junction”).

Noun

σύζυγος • (sýzygos) m or f (plural σύζυγοι)

1. yokefellow (close companion, co-worker, or mate)
2. spouse (husband or wife)
3. (in the plural) couple (husband and wife)

Declension

Declension of σύζυγος

	singular	plural
nominative	σύζυγος (sýzygos)	σύζυγοι (sýzygoi)
genitive	συζύγου (syzýgou)	συζύγων (syzýgon)
accusative	σύζυγο (sýzygo)	συζύγους (syzýgous)
vocative	σύζυγε (sýzyge)	σύζυγοι (sýzygoi)

Coordinate terms

• άνδρας m (ándras, “husband, man”)
• γυναίκα f (gynaíka, “wife, woman”)
• ζευγάρι n (zevgári, “couple”)
• παντρεμένη f (pantreméni, “married”)
• παντρεμένος m (pantreménos, “married”)
• συντρόφισσα f (syntrófissa, “partner, comrade”)
• σύντροφος m or f (sýntrofos, “partner, comrade”)
• ταίρι n (taíri, “partner”)

Related terms

• συζυγία f (syzygía, “conjugation”)
• συζυγικός (syzygikós, “conjugal, married”, adjective)
• συζώ (syzó, “to live together”)