ταχύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥gʰ-ú-s, zero-grade u-stem of *dʰengʰ- (“to go quickly”), based on the comparison with Lithuanian déngti (“to run, hurry”) (see there for more potential cognates), though Fraenkel has disputed the connection.

Not related to Sanskrit तकु॑ (táku) or त॒क्व (takvá, “quick; fast”), as Ancient Greek χ (kh) does not match Sanskrit क् (k), and the comparative θᾱ́σσων (thā́ssōn) proves that the Greek τ (t) in ταχύς (takhús) is originally θ (th), from the aspirated PIE *dʰ (see Grassmann's law).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ta.kʰýs/ → /taˈçys/ → /taˈçis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ta.kʰýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /taˈkʰys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /taˈçys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /taˈçys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /taˈçis/

Adjective

τᾰχῠ́ς • (tăkhŭ́s) m (feminine τᾰχεῖᾰ, neuter τᾰχῠ́); first/third declension

1. swift; quick; fast; rapid

   Synonym: ὠκῠ́ς (ōkŭ́s)

   Antonym: βρᾰδῠ́ς (brădŭ́s)

2. in a short time: soon

Declension

First and third declension of τᾰχῠ́ς; τᾰχεῖᾰ; τᾰχῠ́ (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τᾰχῠ́ς tăkhŭ́s	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχεῖ tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχεῖ tăkheî		τᾰχεῖς tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Genitive		τᾰχέος tăkhéos	τᾰχείᾱς tăkheíās	τᾰχέος tăkhéos		τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin	τᾰχείαιν tăkheíain	τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin		τᾰχέων tăkhéōn	τᾰχειῶν tăkheiôn	τᾰχέων tăkhéōn
Dative		τᾰχεῖ tăkheî	τᾰχείᾳ tăkheíāi	τᾰχεῖ tăkheî		τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin	τᾰχείαιν tăkheíain	τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin		τᾰχέσῐ τᾰχέσῐν tăkhésĭ(n)	τᾰχείαις tăkheíais	τᾰχέσῐ τᾰχέσῐν tăkhésĭ(n)
Accusative		τᾰχῠ́ν tăkhŭ́n	τᾰχεῖᾰν tăkheîăn	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχεῖ tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχεῖ tăkheî		τᾰχεῖς tăkheîs	τᾰχείᾱς tăkheíās	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Vocative		τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχεῖ tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχεῖ tăkheî		τᾰχεῖς tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τᾰχέως τᾰ́χᾰ τᾰχῠ́ τᾰ́χος tăkhéōs tắkhă tăkhŭ́ tắkhos				θᾱ́ττων θᾱ́σσων τᾰχῑ́ων τᾰχῠ́τερος thā́ttōn thā́ssōn tăkhī́ōn tăkhŭ́teros				τᾰ́χῐστος τᾰχῠ́τᾰτος tắkhĭstos tăkhŭ́tătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of τᾰχῠ́ς; τᾰχεῖᾰ; τᾰχῠ́ (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τᾰχῠ́ς tăkhŭ́s	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî		τᾰχέες τᾰχεῖς tăkhées tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Genitive		τᾰχέος tăkhéos	τᾰχείης tăkheíēs	τᾰχέος tăkhéos		τᾰχέοιῐ̈ν tăkhéoiĭ̈n	τᾰχείαιῐ̈ν tăkheíaiĭ̈n	τᾰχέοιῐ̈ν tăkhéoiĭ̈n		τᾰχέων tăkhéōn	τᾰχειᾱ́ων τᾰχειέων τᾰχειῶν tăkheiā́ōn tăkheiéōn tăkheiôn	τᾰχέων tăkhéōn
Dative		τᾰχέῐ̈ τᾰχεῖ tăkhéĭ̈ tăkheî	τᾰχείῃ tăkheíēi	τᾰχέῐ̈ τᾰχεῖ tăkhéĭ̈ tăkheî		τᾰχέοιῐ̈ν tăkhéoiĭ̈n	τᾰχείαιῐ̈ν tăkheíaiĭ̈n	τᾰχέοιῐ̈ν tăkhéoiĭ̈n		τᾰχέσῐ τᾰχέσῐν τᾰχέσσῐ τᾰχέσσῐν τᾰχέεσσῐ τᾰχέεσσῐν tăkhésĭ(n) tăkhéssĭ(n) tăkhéessĭ(n)	τᾰχείῃσῐ τᾰχείῃσῐν τᾰχείῃς τᾰχείαις tăkheíēisĭ(n) tăkheíēis tăkheíais	τᾰχέσῐ τᾰχέσῐν τᾰχέσσῐ τᾰχέσσῐν τᾰχέεσσῐ τᾰχέεσσῐν tăkhésĭ(n) tăkhéssĭ(n) tăkhéessĭ(n)
Accusative		τᾰχῠ́ν tăkhŭ́n	τᾰχεῖᾰν tăkheîăn	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî		τᾰχέᾰς tăkhéăs	τᾰχείᾱς tăkheíās	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Vocative		τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́	τᾰχεῖᾰ tăkheîă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ tăkheíā	τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî		τᾰχέες τᾰχεῖς tăkhées tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι tăkheîai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τᾰ́χᾰ τᾰχέως τᾰχῠ́ τᾰ́χος tắkhă tăkhéōs tăkhŭ́ tắkhos				θᾱ́σσων thā́ssōn				τᾰ́χῐστος tắkhĭstos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and third declension of τᾰχῠ́ς; τᾰχείη / τᾰχεῖᾰ / τᾰχέη / τᾰχέᾰ; τᾰχῠ́ (Ionic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τᾰχῠ́ς tăkhŭ́s	τᾰχείη τᾰχεῖᾰ τᾰχέη τᾰχέᾰ tăkheíē tăkheîă tăkhéē tăkhéă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ τᾰχέᾱ tăkheíā tăkhéā	τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî		τᾰχέες τᾰχεῖς tăkhées tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι τᾰχέαι tăkheîai tăkhéai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Genitive		τᾰχέος tăkhéos	τᾰχείης τᾰχέης tăkheíēs tăkhéēs	τᾰχέος tăkhéos		τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin	τᾰχείαιν τᾰχέαιν tăkheíain tăkhéain	τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin		τᾰχέων tăkhéōn	τᾰχειέων τᾰχειῶν τᾰχεέων τᾰχεῶν tăkheiéōn tăkheiôn tăkheéōn tăkheôn	τᾰχέων tăkhéōn
Dative		τᾰχέῐ̈ τᾰχεῖ tăkhéĭ̈ tăkheî	τᾰχείῃ τᾰχέῃ tăkheíēi tăkhéēi	τᾰχέῐ̈ τᾰχεῖ tăkhéĭ̈ tăkheî		τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin	τᾰχείαιν τᾰχέαιν tăkheíain tăkhéain	τᾰχέοιν tăkhéoin		τᾰχέσῐ τᾰχέσῐν tăkhésĭ(n)	τᾰχείῃσῐ τᾰχείῃσῐν τᾰχέῃσῐ τᾰχέῃσῐν tăkheíēisĭ(n) tăkhéēisĭ(n)	τᾰχέσῐ τᾰχέσῐν tăkhésĭ(n)
Accusative		τᾰχῠ́ν tăkhŭ́n	τᾰχείην τᾰχεῖᾰν τᾰχέην τᾰχέᾰν tăkheíēn tăkheîăn tăkhéēn tăkhéăn	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ τᾰχέᾱ tăkheíā tăkhéā	τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî		τᾰχέᾰς tăkhéăs	τᾰχείᾱς τᾰχέᾱς tăkheíās tăkhéās	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Vocative		τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́	τᾰχείη τᾰχεῖᾰ τᾰχέη τᾰχέᾰ tăkheíē tăkheîă tăkhéē tăkhéă	τᾰχῠ́ tăkhŭ́		τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî	τᾰχείᾱ τᾰχέᾱ tăkheíā tăkhéā	τᾰχέε τᾰχεῖ tăkhée tăkheî		τᾰχέες τᾰχεῖς tăkhées tăkheîs	τᾰχεῖαι τᾰχέαι tăkheîai tăkhéai	τᾰχέᾰ tăkhéă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τᾰχέως τᾰχείως τᾰχῠ́ τᾰ́χᾰ τᾰ́χος tăkhéōs tăkheíōs tăkhŭ́ tắkhă tắkhos				θᾱ́σσων τᾰχῠ́τερος thā́ssōn tăkhŭ́teros				τᾰ́χῐστος τᾰχῠ́τᾰτος tắkhĭstos tăkhŭ́tătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• τᾰ́χᾰ (tắkhă)
• τᾰχέως (tăkhéōs)
• τᾰ́χος (tắkhos)
• τᾰχῠθᾰ́νᾰτος (tăkhŭthắnătos)
• τᾰχῠ́πους (tăkhŭ́pous)
• τᾰχῠ́πωλος (tăkhŭ́pōlos)
• τᾰχῠτής (tăkhŭtḗs)

Related terms

• θᾱ́σσων (thā́ssōn)

Descendants

• → English: tachy- (learned)
• → Translingual: Tachys (learned)

Further reading

• “ταχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ταχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ταχύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “ταχύς” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ταχύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ταχύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5036 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • expeditious idem, page 293.
  • express idem, page 295.
  • fleet idem, page 327.
  • hasty idem, page 387.
  • headlong idem, page 391.
  • hurried idem, page 411.
  • nimble idem, page 558.
  • quick idem, page 665.
  • rapid idem, page 672.
  • sharp idem, page 762.
  • speedy idem, page 801.
  • swift idem, page 848.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús).

Adjective

ταχύς • (tachýs) m (feminine ταχεία, neuter ταχύ)

1. fast, rapid

   Synonym: αλματώδης (almatódis)

2. sudden

Declension

Declension of ταχύς

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ταχύς (tachýs)	ταχεία (tacheía)	ταχύ (tachý)		ταχείς (tacheís)	ταχείες (tacheíes)	ταχέα (tachéa)
genitive	ταχέος (tachéos) ταχύ (tachý)	ταχείας (tacheías)	ταχύ (tachý) ταχέος (tachéos)		ταχέων (tachéon)	ταχειών (tacheión)	ταχέων (tachéon)
accusative	ταχύ (tachý)	ταχεία (tacheía)	ταχύ (tachý)		ταχείς (tacheís)	ταχείες (tacheíes)	ταχέα (tachéa)
vocative	ταχύ (tachý)	ταχεία (tacheía)	ταχύ (tachý)		ταχείς (tacheís)	ταχείες (tacheíes)	ταχέα (tachéa)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ταχύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ταχύς, etc.)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

comparative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative ταχύτερος (tachýteros) ταχύτερη (tachýteri) ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτεροι (tachýteroi) ταχύτερες (tachýteres) ταχύτερα (tachýtera) genitive ταχύτερου (tachýterou) ταχύτερης (tachýteris) ταχύτερου (tachýterou) ταχύτερων (tachýteron) ταχύτερων (tachýteron) ταχύτερων (tachýteron) accusative ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτερη (tachýteri) ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτερους (tachýterous) ταχύτερες (tachýteres) ταχύτερα (tachýtera) vocative ταχύτερε (tachýtere) ταχύτερη (tachýteri) ταχύτερο (tachýtero) ταχύτεροι (tachýteroi) ταχύτερες (tachýteres) ταχύτερα (tachýtera) Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms: e.g. ο ταχύτερος (o tachýteros), etc. absolute superlative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative ταχύτατος (tachýtatos) ταχύτατη (tachýtati) ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατοι (tachýtatoi) ταχύτατες (tachýtates) ταχύτατα (tachýtata) genitive ταχύτατου (tachýtatou) ταχύτατης (tachýtatis) ταχύτατου (tachýtatou) ταχύτατων (tachýtaton) ταχύτατων (tachýtaton) ταχύτατων (tachýtaton) accusative ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατη (tachýtati) ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατους (tachýtatous) ταχύτατες (tachýtates) ταχύτατα (tachýtata) vocative ταχύτατε (tachýtate) ταχύτατη (tachýtati) ταχύτατο (tachýtato) ταχύτατοι (tachýtatoi) ταχύτατες (tachýtates) ταχύτατα (tachýtata)

Related terms

• ισοταχής (isotachís, “of equal speed”, adjective)
• ταχέως (tachéos, adverb)
• ταχύτητα f (tachýtita, “speed”)