φοβέω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *pʰogʷéyō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogʷéyeti. Cognate to Sanskrit भाजयति (bhājáyati). Compare φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰo.bé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰoˈbe.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸoˈβe.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /foˈve.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /foˈve.o/
Verb
[edit]φοβέω • (phobéō)
- (Homeric) to put to flight
- to terrify, alarm
- to threaten
- (passive voice) to be frightened
Usage notes
[edit]- The Poetic passive present indicative form φοβεῦμαι (phobeûmai) is attested.
- An Ionic iterative imperfect form, φοβέεσκον (phobéeskon) is attested. An Ionic second singular form, φοβέαι (phobéai), and the imperative forms φοβεῦ (phobeû) and φοβέο (phobéo) are attested. The Ionic participle forms φοβεόμενος (phobeómenos) and φοβεύμενος (phobeúmenos) are attested.
- An Epic 3rd plural aorist is attested ἐφόβηθεν (ephóbēthen) and the unaugmented form φόβηθεν (phóbēthen) is also attested. The unaugmented Epic pluperfect form πεφοβήατο (pephobḗato) is also attested.
- The Doric 2nd singular subjunctive form φοβαθῇς (phobathêis) is attested.
Inflection
[edit] Present: φοβέω, φοβέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐφόβεον | ἐφόβεες | ἐφόβεε(ν) | ἐφοβέετον | ἐφοβεέτην | ἐφοβέομεν | ἐφοβέετε | ἐφόβεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφοβεόμην | ἐφοβέου | ἐφοβέετο | ἐφοβέεσθον | ἐφοβεέσθην | ἐφοβεόμεθᾰ | ἐφοβέεσθε | ἐφοβέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐφόβουν | ἐφόβεις | ἐφόβει | ἐφοβεῖτον | ἐφοβείτην | ἐφοβοῦμεν | ἐφοβεῖτε | ἐφόβουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφοβούμην | ἐφοβοῦ | ἐφοβεῖτο | ἐφοβεῖσθον | ἐφοβείσθην | ἐφοβούμεθᾰ | ἐφοβεῖσθε | ἐφοβοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐπεφοβήκειν, ἐπεφοβήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπεφοβήκειν, ἐπεφοβήκη |
ἐπεφοβήκεις, ἐπεφοβήκης |
ἐπεφοβήκει(ν) | ἐπεφοβήκετον | ἐπεφοβηκέτην | ἐπεφοβήκεμεν | ἐπεφοβήκετε | ἐπεφοβήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεφοβήμην | ἐπεφόβησο | ἐπεφόβητο | ἐπεφόβησθον | ἐπεφοβήσθην | ἐπεφοβήμεθᾰ | ἐπεφόβησθε | ἐπεφόβηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
References
[edit]- “φοβέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φοβέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φοβέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φοβέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φοβέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5399 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰegʷ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Epic Greek