φόβος

See also: Φόβος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰógʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰógʷos, from *bʰegʷ- (“to run, flee”). See φέβομαι (phébomai, “to flee”) for more.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰó.bos/ → /ˈɸo.βos/ → /ˈfo.vos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰó.bos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰo.bos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸo.βos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfo.vos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfo.vos/

Noun

φόβος • (phóbos) m (genitive φόβου); second declension

1. fear, terror, alarm, fright, panic
2. the act of fleeing: flight, retreat
3. awe, reverence
4. that which causes fear: terror

Declension

Second declension of ὁ φόβος; τοῦ φόβου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ φόβος ho phóbos	τὼ φόβω tṑ phóbō	οἱ φόβοι hoi phóboi
Genitive	τοῦ φόβου toû phóbou	τοῖν φόβοιν toîn phóboin	τῶν φόβων tôn phóbōn
Dative	τῷ φόβῳ tōî phóbōi	τοῖν φόβοιν toîn phóboin	τοῖς φόβοις toîs phóbois
Accusative	τὸν φόβον tòn phóbon	τὼ φόβω tṑ phóbō	τοὺς φόβους toùs phóbous
Vocative	φόβε phóbe	φόβω phóbō	φόβοι phóboi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of φόβος; φόβοιο / φόβοο / φόβου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	φόβος phóbos	φόβω phóbō	φόβοι phóboi
Genitive	φόβοιο / φόβοο / φόβου phóboio / phóboo / phóbou	φόβοιῐ̈ν phóboiĭ̈n	φόβων phóbōn
Dative	φόβῳ phóbōi	φόβοιῐ̈ν phóboiĭ̈n	φόβοισῐ / φόβοισῐν / φόβοις phóboisĭ(n) / phóbois
Accusative	φόβον phóbon	φόβω phóbō	φόβους phóbous
Vocative	φόβε phóbe	φόβω phóbō	φόβοι phóboi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: φόβος (fóvos)
• Mariupol Greek: фо́вус (fóvus), фо́вос (fóvos)
• English: -phobia, phobia
• Esperanto: fobio

Further reading

• “φόβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φόβος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “φόβος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• φόβος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• φόβος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “φόβος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5401 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • affright idem, page 17.
  • alarm idem, page 21.
  • apprehension idem, page 36.
  • awe idem, page 56.
  • consternation idem, page 164.
  • dismay idem, page 235.
  • disquiet idem, page 238.
  • dread idem, page 251.
  • fear idem, page 312.
  • fright idem, page 345.
  • horror idem, page 406.
  • intimidation idem, page 454.
  • misgiving idem, page 534.
  • nervousness idem, page 556.
  • scare idem, page 737.
  • shock idem, page 767.
  • terror idem, page 863.
  • timidity idem, page 876.
  • trepidation idem, page 893.
  • uneasiness idem, page 916.

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to run, to flee”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfo.vos/
• Hyphenation: φό‧βος

Noun

φόβος • (fóvos) m (plural φόβοι)

1. fear

   μην έχεις φόβο ― min écheis fóvo ― don't be afraid (literally, “don't have fear”)

2. apprehension, awe

   φόβος των θεών ― fóvos ton theón ― awe of the gods

Declension

Declension of φόβος

	singular	plural
nominative	φόβος (fóvos)	φόβοι (fóvoi)
genitive	φόβου (fóvou)	φόβων (fóvon)
accusative	φόβο (fóvo)	φόβους (fóvous)
vocative	φόβε (fóve)	φόβοι (fóvoi)

Synonyms

• (awe): δέος n (déos)

Related terms

• αφοβία f (afovía, “fearlessness”)
• άφοβος f (áfovos, “fearless”)
• φοβάμαι (fovámai, “to fear, to be frightened”)
• φοβέρα f (fovéra, “threat”)
• φοβερά (foverá, “frightfully”, adverb)
• φοβερό (foveró, “terrific!, awesome!”)
• φοβερός (foverós, “fearful”, adjective)
• φοβητσιάρης (fovitsiáris, “cowardly”)
• φοβία f (fovía, “phobia”)
• φοβίζω (fovízo, “to frighten”)
• φοβισμένος (fovisménos, “frightened”, adjective)

Further reading

• φόβος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el