χαλκός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• καυχός (kaukhós) — Cretan

Etymology

Unknown. Has been compared to Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin ferrum, and Hittite [script needed] (ḫapalki-). Perhaps related to κάλχη (kálkhē, “purple”). Ultimately, Proto-Indo-European origin seems unlikely and the word is probably a borrowing from .

Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀏𐀩𐀀 (ka-ka-re-a).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰal.kós/ → /xalˈkos/ → /xalˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰal.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰalˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xalˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xalˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xalˈkos/

Noun

χᾰλκός • (khalkós) m (genitive χᾰλκοῦ); second declension

1. copper, or copper alloyed with tin, bronze
2. (poetic) anything made of metal
3. copper, cauldron, urn
4. copper money
5. the phrase χαλκοῦ ἄνθος (khalkoû ánthos): particle thrown off by copper while cooling

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ χᾰλκός; τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χᾰλκός ho khalkós	τὼ χᾰλκώ tṑ khalkṓ	οἱ χᾰλκοί hoi khalkoí
Genitive	τοῦ χᾰλκοῦ toû khalkoû	τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν toîn khalkoîn	τῶν χᾰλκῶν tôn khalkôn
Dative	τῷ χᾰλκῷ tôi khalkôi	τοῖν χᾰλκοῖν toîn khalkoîn	τοῖς χᾰλκοῖς toîs khalkoîs
Accusative	τὸν χᾰλκόν tòn khalkón	τὼ χᾰλκώ tṑ khalkṓ	τοὺς χᾰλκούς toùs khalkoús
Vocative	χᾰλκέ khalké	χᾰλκώ khalkṓ	χᾰλκοί khalkoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ὀρείχαλκος (oreíkhalkos)
• παγχάλκεος (pankhálkeos)
• πάγχαλκος (pánkhalkos)
• πολύχαλκος (polúkhalkos)
• ὑπόχαλκος (hupókhalkos)
• χάλκασπις (khálkaspis)
• χαλκεία (khalkeía)
• χαλκεῖον (khalkeîon)
• χάλκειος (khálkeios)
• χαλκέμβολος (khalkémbolos)
• χαλκεοθώραξ (khalkeothṓrax)
• χάλκεος (khálkeos)
• χαλκεόφωνος (khalkeóphōnos)
• χαλκεύς (khalkeús)
• χαλκευτικός (khalkeutikós)
• χαλκευτός (khalkeutós)
• χαλκεύω (khalkeúō)
• χαλκεών (khalkeṓn)
• χαλκήϊος (khalkḗïos)
• χαλκήλατος (khalkḗlatos)
• χαλκήρης (khalkḗrēs)
• χάλκινος (khálkinos)
• χαλκίοικος (khalkíoikos)
• χαλκίον (khalkíon)
• χαλκίς (khalkís)
• χαλκοβαρής (khalkobarḗs)
• χαλκοβατής (khalkobatḗs)
• χαλκόγενυς (khalkógenus)
• χαλκογλώχις (khalkoglṓkhis)
• χαλκόδετος (khalkódetos)
• χαλκοειδής (khalkoeidḗs)
• χαλκοκνήμις (khalkoknḗmis)
• χαλκοκορυστής (khalkokorustḗs)
• χαλκόκροτος (khalkókrotos)
• χαλκοπάρῃος (khalkopárēios)
• χαλκόπους (khalkópous)
• χαλκοτυπέω (khalkotupéō)
• χαλκότυπος (khalkótupos)
• χαλκοῦς (khalkoûs)
• χαλκοχίτων (khalkokhítōn)
• χαλκόω (khalkóō)
• χάλκωμα (khálkōma)
• Χάλκων (Khálkōn)

 

References

• “χαλκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χαλκός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “χαλκός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• χαλκός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “χαλκός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5475 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • brass idem, page 93.
  • bronze idem, page 100.
  • cinerary urn idem, page 132.
  • copper idem, page 173.
  • kettle idem, page 468.
  • urn idem, page 940.
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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Greek

Noun

χαλκός • (chalkós) m (uncountable)

1. (chemistry, metallurgy) copper

Declension

  χαλκός

case     \     number	singular
nominative	χαλκός •
genitive	χαλκού •
accusative	χαλκό •
vocative	χαλκέ •

Coordinate terms

• Appendix:Greek names for chemical elements

Derived terms

• Εποχή του Χαλκού f (Epochí tou Chalkoú, “Bronze Age”)
• χαλκο- (chalko-, “copper, copper coloured”, prefix)

Further reading

• χαλκός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el