граница
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. Synchronically parsable as гран (gran, “edge, verge”) + -ица (-ica).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]гра́ница • (gránica) f
- border, boundary, frontier (line or demarcation separating regions)
- зад гра́ница ― zad gránica ― abroad (literally, “behind a border”)
- limit, bound, margin
- в гра́ниците на ― v gránicite na ― within the limits of
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | гра́ница gránica |
гра́ници gránici |
| definite | гра́ницата gránicata |
гра́ниците gránicite |
Coordinate terms
[edit]- край (kraj, “end, edge”)
- ръб (rǎb), ръбе́ж (rǎbéž, “edge, rim”)
- преде́л (predél, “bound”)
- межда́ (meždá, “boundary, balk”)
- слог (slog, “delimiter”) (dialectal)
- скро́ма (skróma, “constrainer”) (obsolete)
- праг (prag, “threshold”)
Derived terms
[edit]- грани́ча (graníča) (essive)
- ограни́ча pf (ograníča), ограни́чавам impf (ograníčavam, “to bound, to delimit”)
- разграни́ча pf (razgraníča), разграни́чавам impf (razgraníčavam, “to demarcate”)
References
[edit]- “гра́ница”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “граница”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1895), “гра́ница”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 245
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “граница”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 274
Etymology 2
[edit]From гран (gran, “tree's canopy”) + -и́ца (-íca).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]грани́ца • (graníca) f
- (dialectal) sessile oak
- Synonym: гору́н (gorún)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | грани́ца graníca |
грани́ци graníci |
| definite | грани́цата granícata |
грани́ците granícite |
Alternative forms
[edit]References
[edit]- “грани́ца (диал.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1895), “грани́ца”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 245
Further reading
[edit]- Nayden Gerov (1895), “гръни́ка”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 252
Macedonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]граница • (granica) f (plural граници, relational adjective граничен)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | граница (granica) | граници (granici) |
| definite unspecified | границата (granicata) | границите (granicite) |
| definite proximal | границава (granicava) | границиве (granicive) |
| definite distal | границана (granicana) | границине (granicine) |
| vocative | границе (granice) | граници (granici) |
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic граница (granica) attested in Southern Rus' since 1375 and speculated to be an Old Polish loan, even though there's no scholarly consensus, ultimately from Proto-Slavic *granica. The more common Muscovite term was Middle Russian рубежъ (rubež), but it was to some extent displaced, perhaps under Polish and Ruthenian influence. By surface analysis, грань (granʹ) + -и́ца (-íca).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [ɡrɐˈnʲit͡sə]
Audio: (file) Audio (Saint Petersburg): (file)
Noun
[edit]грани́ца • (graníca) f inan (genitive грани́цы, nominative plural грани́цы, genitive plural грани́ц)
Declension
[edit]Declension of грани́ца (inan fem-form ц-stem accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | грани́ца graníca |
грани́цы granícy |
| genitive | грани́цы granícy |
грани́ц graníc |
| dative | грани́це graníce |
грани́цам granícam |
| accusative | грани́цу granícu |
грани́цы granícy |
| instrumental | грани́цей, грани́цею granícej, graníceju |
грани́цами granícami |
| prepositional | грани́це graníce |
грани́цах granícax |
Pre-reform declension of грани́ца (inan fem-form ц-stem accent-a)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | грани́ца graníca |
грани́цы granícy |
| genitive | грани́цы granícy |
грани́цъ graníc |
| dative | грани́цѣ granícě |
грани́цамъ granícam |
| accusative | грани́цу granícu |
грани́цы granícy |
| instrumental | грани́цей, грани́цею granícej, graníceju |
грани́цами granícami |
| prepositional | грани́цѣ granícě |
грани́цахъ granícax |
Related terms
[edit]- грани́чить (graníčitʹ)
- граничный (graničnyj)
- заграни́ца (zagraníca)
- заграни́чный (zagraníčnyj)
- неограни́ченный (neograníčennyj)
- ограниче́ние (ograničénije)
- ограни́ченный (ograníčennyj)
- пограни́чник (pograníčnik)
- пограни́чный (pograníčnyj)
Descendants
[edit]- → Yakut: кыраныысса (kïranïïssa)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *granica. Compare гра́на.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]гра̀ница f (Latin spelling grànica)
- border
- државна граница ― country border
- прећи границу ― to cross the border
- boundary, limit
- у границама закона ― within the boundaries of law
- прешао си границу! ― You crossed the line!
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | граница | границе |
| genitive | границе | граница |
| dative | граници | границама |
| accusative | границу | границе |
| vocative | границо | границе |
| locative | граници | границама |
| instrumental | границом | границама |
References
[edit]- “граница”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ица
- Bulgarian 3-syllable words
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian feminine nouns
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian dialectal terms
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 3-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian proparoxytone terms
- Macedonian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Macedonian/it͡sa
- Rhymes:Macedonian/it͡sa/3 syllables
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian feminine nouns
- Macedonian feminine nouns with vocatives in -е
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms suffixed with -ица
- Russian 3-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian ц-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian ц-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰreh₁-
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms with collocations
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples