граф

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡraf]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -af

Etymology 1

Heraldic title used in Western Europe (specifically among the dominions of the Holy Roman Empire), from German Graf. First attested in 1876.

Noun

граф • (graf) m (feminine графи́ня)

1. count, graf, earl (nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess in some Western European countries and in pre-revolutionary Russia; ruler of a county)

   Synonyms: жупа́н (župán), конт (kont)

Declension

Declension of граф

	singular	plural
indefinite	граф graf	гра́фове gráfove
definite (subject form)	гра́фът gráfǎt	гра́фовете gráfovete
definite (object form)	гра́фа gráfa
count form	—	гра́фа gráfa
vocative form	гра́фе gráfe	гра́фове gráfove

Derived terms

• гра́фство (gráfstvo, “county”)

References

• “граф¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “граф (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “граф”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 81

Etymology 2

Internationalism; compare English graph, French graphe, German Graph, ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein).

1. (graph theory) graph (nodes and edges connecting the nodes)

Declension

Declension of граф

	singular	plural
indefinite	граф graf	гра́фи gráfi
definite (subject form)	гра́фът gráfǎt	гра́фите gráfite
definite (object form)	гра́фа gráfa
count form	—	гра́фа gráfa

References

• “граф²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “граф (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	گراف
Cyrillic	граф
Latin	graf

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian граф (graf), from German Graf.

Noun

граф • (graf)

1. count, earl

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian граф (graf), from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “to scratch”).

Noun

граф • (graf)

1. (mathematics) graph

Declension

Declension of граф

	singular	plural
nominative	граф (graf)	графтар (graftar)
genitive	графтың (graftyñ)	графтардың (graftardyñ)
dative	графқа (grafqa)	графтарға (graftarğa)
accusative	графты (grafty)	графтарды (graftardy)
locative	графта (grafta)	графтарда (graftarda)
ablative	графтан (graftan)	графтардан (graftardan)
instrumental	графпен (grafpen)	графтармен (graftarmen)
similative	графтай (graftai)	графтардай (graftardai)

Derived terms

• гиперграф (gipergraf)

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡraf]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Graf.

Noun

граф • (graf) m anim (genitive гра́фа or графа́, nominative plural гра́фы or графья́, genitive plural гра́фов or графьёв, female equivalent графи́ня, relational adjective гра́фский)

1. count, earl (the male ruler of a county)

Declension

Declension of граф (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-a/b irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	гра́ф gráf	гра́фы, графья́△ gráfy, grafʹjá△
genitive	гра́фа, графа́ gráfa, grafá	гра́фов, графьёв△ gráfov, grafʹjóv△
dative	гра́фу, графу́ gráfu, grafú	гра́фам, графья́м△ gráfam, grafʹjám△
accusative	гра́фа, графа́ gráfa, grafá	гра́фов, графьёв△ gráfov, grafʹjóv△
instrumental	гра́фом, графо́м gráfom, grafóm	гра́фами, графья́ми△ gráfami, grafʹjámi△
prepositional	гра́фе, графе́ gráfe, grafé	гра́фах, графья́х△ gráfax, grafʹjáx△

^△ Irregular.

Related terms

• бургграф (burggraf), графи́ня (grafínja), гра́фство (gráfstvo), ландгра́ф (landgráf), маркгра́ф (markgráf), маркграфство (markgrafstvo), пфальцграф (pfalʹcgraf), бургграф (burggraf)
• графский (grafskij), маркграфский (markgrafskij)

Descendants

• → Kazakh: граф (graf)

Etymology 2

Probably borrowed from English graph, first used in this sense by J. J. Sylvester in 1878.

Noun

граф • (graf) m inan (genitive гра́фа, nominative plural гра́фы, genitive plural гра́фов)

1. (graph theory) graph (set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges)

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with гра́фик (gráfik).

Declension

Declension of граф (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	гра́ф gráf	гра́фы gráfy
genitive	гра́фа gráfa	гра́фов gráfov
dative	гра́фу gráfu	гра́фам gráfam
accusative	гра́ф gráf	гра́фы gráfy
instrumental	гра́фом gráfom	гра́фами gráfami
prepositional	гра́фе gráfe	гра́фах gráfax

Related terms

• биграф (bigraf), графа́ (grafá), гра́фик (gráfik), графома́н (grafomán), графома́ния (grafománija), каллигра́фия (kalligráfija), мультиграф (mulʹtigraf), нуль-граф (nulʹ-graf), оргра́ф (orgráf), орфогра́фия (orfográfija), подграф (podgraf), полигра́ф (poligráf), псевдограф (psevdograf), суграф (sugraf)
• графи́ческий (grafíčeskij), каллиграфический (kalligrafičeskij), орфографи́ческий (orfografíčeskij)

Descendants

• → Kazakh: граф (graf)

Etymology 3

Noun

граф • (graf) f inan pl

1. genitive plural of графа́ (grafá)

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

гра̏ф m inan (Latin spelling grȁf)

1. (mathematics) graph
2. (graph theory) graph

Declension

Declension of граф

	singular	plural
nominative	гра̏ф	гра̀фови
genitive	графа	графова
dative	графу	графовима
accusative	граф	графове
vocative	графе	графови
locative	графу	графовима
instrumental	графом	графовима

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦraf]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Graf.

Noun

граф • (hraf) m pers (genitive гра́фа, nominative plural гра́фи, genitive plural гра́фів, relational adjective гра́фський)

1. count, earl

Declension

Declension of граф
(pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	граф hraf	гра́фи hráfy
genitive	гра́фа hráfa	гра́фів hráfiv
dative	гра́фові, гра́фу hráfovi, hráfu	гра́фам hráfam
accusative	гра́фа hráfa	гра́фів hráfiv
instrumental	гра́фом hráfom	гра́фами hráfamy
locative	гра́фові, гра́фі hráfovi, hráfi	гра́фах hráfax
vocative	гра́фе hráfe	гра́фи hráfy

Derived terms

• графи́ня f (hrafýnja)
• гра́фство n (hráfstvo)

Related terms

• бурггра́ф m (burhhráf)
• ландгра́ф m (landhráf)
• маркгра́ф m (markhráf)

Etymology 2

Probably borrowed from English graph, first used in this sense by J. J. Sylvester in 1878.

Noun

граф • (hraf) m inan (genitive гра́фа, nominative plural гра́фи, genitive plural гра́фів)

1. (graph theory) graph (set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges)

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with гра́фік (hráfik).

Declension

Declension of граф
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	граф hraf	гра́фи hráfy
genitive	гра́фа hráfa	гра́фів hráfiv
dative	гра́фові, гра́фу hráfovi, hráfu	гра́фам hráfam
accusative	граф hraf	гра́фи hráfy
instrumental	гра́фом hráfom	гра́фами hráfamy
locative	гра́фі hráfi	гра́фах hráfax
vocative	гра́фе hráfe	гра́фи hráfy

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

граф • (hraf) f inan pl

1. genitive plural of графа́ (hrafá)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “граф”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “граф”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “граф”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “граф”, in English–Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “граф”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “граф”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “граф”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)